Removal of epithelial formations (polyps and creeping tumors) of the stomach and colon

All materials on the site were prepared by specialists in the field of surgery, anatomy and specialized disciplines. All recommendations are indicative in nature and are not applicable without consulting a doctor.

Polyps are benign neoplasms that appear in any area of ​​the mucosa. They are common in gastroenterology, but generally do not manifest themselves clinically. Typically, polyps in the stomach are discovered during routine medical examinations or during the diagnosis of other diseases.

Most often, these neoplasms occur in people over 40 years of age. Men are more susceptible to the disease. Causes may include gastritis, Helicobacter pylori bacteria, and heredity. Treatment in most cases is complete removal of polyps in the stomach.

Symptoms of a stomach polyp:

Gastric polyps are most often asymptomatic and are detected during gastroscopy, however, advanced forms and polyps of solid size can manifest themselves:

• pain and feeling of fullness in the stomach;
• nausea and vomiting;
• flatulence and heartburn;
• diarrhea and constipation;
• bad breath;

Intragastric bleeding may also occur, in which case traces of blood will be visible in the vomit and feces, and the feces may become black. With repeated intragastric bleeding, anemia develops, the skin becomes pale, dizziness occurs and blood pressure drops.

Causes of polyps in the stomach

There are several of the most common factors that can lead to the formation of polyps:

• inflammatory diseases of the stomach;
• elderly age;
• infection with Helicobacter pylori or other microorganisms;
• hereditary predisposition;
• long-term use of certain groups of medications.

Therefore, those people who have a history of one or more of the provoking factors described above need to pay maximum attention to their stomach and regularly visit a gastroenterologist.

Where to have surgery to remove polyps in Moscow

Medical is a multidisciplinary clinic with the best surgeons in Russia. Our specialists have helped hundreds of thousands of patients forget about illnesses and return to a normal and healthy life. Comprehensive diagnostics of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out using high-tech equipment, which makes it possible to detect diseases and pathologies at the very initial stage, which becomes the key to successful treatment.

During the consultation, a gastroenterologist at the Stolitsa clinic will carefully examine the patient’s medical history, listen to all the patient’s complaints and refer him for the necessary diagnostics. The gastroscopy procedure takes on average 3-7 minutes and, if desired, can be performed under sedation, which ensures maximum comfort for the patient. During the diagnosis, the number and location of polyps, the type of growth and its size become known.

Before removing polyps, it is necessary to assess the patient’s health status; for this, the following are prescribed:

• blood test (general, biochemistry, coagulogram, HIV, hepatitis, syphilis);
• stool occult blood test;
• analysis for the detection of Helicobacter pylori;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

Removal of gastric polyps at the Stolitsa clinic is performed under sedation; the duration depends on the required volume of intervention and averages 20-40 minutes. An endoscope is inserted into the stomach cavity, having reached the location of the polyp, it is removed using a special metal loop, the removed fragment is removed for further sending for histological examination. Upon completion of the manipulations, the patient is transferred to a hospital room for several hours for medical observation. Before discharge, you will be examined by your attending physician and will give you all the necessary recommendations on how to comply with the postoperative period.

Hysteroscopy - review

Nice time of day!

The reason I went to the gynecologist was constant pain in my lower abdomen. After an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, the doctor gave a conclusion - echo signals of an endometrial polyp.

Hysteroscopy

To confirm the diagnosis, I also had to undergo a transvaginal ultrasound, which confirmed the diagnosis. It was planned that hysteroscopy would remove the polyp.

Hysteroscopy is a fiberoptic examination of the uterine cavity.

This is a diagnostic procedure that allows simultaneous therapeutic manipulations: Biopsy, removal of mucosal polyps and intrauterine fusions.

As it turns out, this procedure is performed under general anesthesia. To be honest, I was very nervous because I had never done this before and didn’t know what to prepare for. Additionally, the removed polyp undergoes histological testing to determine whether it is benign or not.

You might be interested in: Polyps on the ovaries: what are they and how to treat them?

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Preparation (tests) for polyp removal

First they gave me several swabs of the flora. After receiving the results, I had to take antibiotics and antimicrobials for a week.

The next item is general blood and urine tests, HIV, hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases. Everything is fine here, no pathology.

Due to the fact that the operation is performed under general anesthesia, I was also given an ECG. Anesthesia is performed only on an empty stomach.

• After I collected all the results of the examination, I went for exactly the operation that I decided to have in a paid clinic, because all this would have taken several weeks in the budget.
• On the way to the operation, I was scared and shaking like a gopher.
• List of things I brought to the clinic. socks, a wide shirt at night, a pad.
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• NARCOSE ► Operating procedure

Upon arrival at the clinic, the doctor performed another transvaginal ultrasound and checked the results. She then gave me a cervical spine dilatation tablet and a No-Spy syringe.

Let me remind you once again that general anesthesia is performed on an empty stomach. And the operation itself is performed on days 7-9 of the menstrual cycle. I'm here on the seventh day.

Then I put on my nightgown, put on my socks and went to the toilet (a must) and walked into the operating room, barely moving my legs from fear.

I was asked to climb onto the operating table, and while I was getting up there, the anesthesiologist came and it all started... literally chained my legs to the table, and I was like a squashed toad with no underwear. I noticed that the anesthesiologist was a man, so I felt doubly uncomfortable.

I am the “lucky” owner of thin veins that not every doctor can find. I was hoping for a miracle, but no, it didn't happen. Another doctor pulled me by the arm and tried to hit my vein with the catheter. Bay and Oya (I am with an anesthesiologist partner), the catheter was still placed in the wrist.

And then I just fainted.

I woke up with a headache and dizziness. By the way, I only had a cut for a maximum of five minutes, which was as long as the operation itself lasted.

I got up from the table, they helped me into the room, and I just fell into the bed.

Fortunately, this condition quickly disappeared, although the dizziness continued for several days.

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2. appointments
3. After I finally woke up, the doctor prescribed medication:

• Doxycycline - 1 tablet 2 times a day,
• Metronidazole - 1 tablet 2 Aza per day,
• Nystatin 500,000 units. 1 tablet 2 times a day,

also made recommendations:

exclude sexual contact for 14 days, physical activity, and alcohol for 7 days.

And yes, I forgot to say that the seal was needed to be placed inside to absorb the blood. I pulled it out after two hours and there was no more blood.

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2. PERIOD
3. After surgery to remove the polyp, I was sent home, and the polyp was excised for histological examination, which was normal.
4. My entire recovery time consisted of taking prescribed medications and following the doctor's recommendations.
5. I felt no pain or discomfort.
6. My menstrual cycle was neither interrupted nor altered.
7. ►

At the time of writing, I have had two transvaginal ultrasounds. Everything is fine. Now ultrasound should be done every six months for monitoring.

The most important thing is that the craving pain in the lower abdomen has disappeared. This is actually the entire result of the operation.

• All this “beauty” cost me 15,000 rubles.
• I recommend.
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In addition to surgery to remove the endometrial polyp, I was prescribed hormone therapy. You can read the report here. ►

Rehabilitation

Complete healing of the gastric mucosa takes from one to two weeks, depending on the number and size of the removed polyps. During this period, it is especially important to follow the diet prescribed by the doctor and take prescribed medications.

In order to prevent the development of the oncological process and timely diagnosis of polyp recurrence, it is necessary to visit a gastroenterologist every six months and perform gastroscopy.

Remember - your health is in your hands! Timely diagnosis and visits to doctors will help you maintain health for many years.

You can make an appointment with a doctor, check the prices for the study and the cost of removing stomach polyps 24 hours a day by calling a medical specialist.

ENDOSCOPIC REMOVAL OF BENIGN TUMORS OF THE STOMACH AND COLON

The first scientific description of polyps of hollow organs was first given by the French surgeon R. Menetrier in 1888. Currently, polyps are divided into single (1), single (2-3), multiple (up to 20) and polyposis (more than 20). When diagnosing polyposis, one should take into account not only the number of polyps, but also their distribution to at least two anatomical parts of the stomach.

Among recurrent polyps there are:

• residual (residual) polyp is a tumor that appears within a period of up to one year at the site of removal;

• recurrent polyp is a tumor that appears within a period of up to five years at the site of removal;

• a newly formed polyp is a tumor that has grown outside the area of ​​endoscopic removal.

According to the classification of S. Yamada (1966), based on visual endoscopic signs, polyps are divided into four types:

• flat;

• protruding;

• polyp with a short stalk;

• polyps of various sizes on stalks of various lengths.

The introduction of fiber endoscopes into clinical practice was a big step forward both in the diagnosis of benign tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in their treatment. Endoscopic examination has significantly increased the frequency of detection of various polypoid formations, made it possible to differentiate tumors arising from the mucous membrane from submucosal formations, and, based on histological examination of biopsy material, to judge the structure of the tumor with a certain degree of accuracy. However, more in-depth studies have shown that morphological diagnosis based on endoscopic biopsy data is often incorrect even for polyps and even more so for submucosal tumors. This problem was solved largely thanks to the development of the endoscopic polypectomy technique, which has found wide use in clinical practice not only as a diagnostic intervention, but also as a safe and effective way to treat patients with gastrointestinal polyps and small submucosal tumors.

In 1970, Japanese doctors K. Tsuneoka and T. Uchida were the first to remove polyps from the stomach through an endoscope. The method consisted of mechanically cutting off the pedunculated tumor using a metal loop.

In 1971, simultaneously M. Classen, L. Demling and R. Ottenjann developed a technique for removing polyps through a fiber endoscope with a diathermic loop using high-frequency current (electrical excision of the tumor), which significantly reduced the likelihood of postoperative bleeding.

In the USSR, the first endoscopic polypectomy was performed by V.S. Savelyev in 1973

Indications and contraindications for polypectomy

Endoscopic polypectomy is a diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive operation, which makes the indications for it quite broad. All single polyps, with the exception of developing polyps, are subject to endoscopic removal.

Single and multiple polyps are removed during endoscopic examination for diagnostic purposes and in the presence of complications. In case of gastric polyposis, endoscopic intervention is indicated only in the presence of complications caused by the disease (severe hypochromic anemia, the presence of bleeding from the polyp or its threat, rapid growth of polyps or changes in its surface, obstruction of the lumen of the digestive tract by polyps, suspicion of malignancy, doubt in the diagnosis). All residual polyps must be removed unless there are contraindications.

Contraindications to endoscopic removal of polyps are relative, since endoscopic intervention is often performed when the diagnosis is unclear, there is regrowth and complications, when surgical treatment poses a high degree of risk for the patient. Endoscopic polypectomy is contraindicated in patients who are in serious condition or have disorders in the blood coagulation system.

For polyps that do not require removal, dynamic observation is carried out with an endoscopic control examination once every six months.

Polypectomy technique

Before endoscopic polypectomy, all patients undergo a blood test for bleeding time and an ECG. In most cases, polypectomy is performed on an outpatient basis. Endoscopic polypectomy is performed in a hospital setting for patients with severe concomitant diseases and large polyps.

The polypectomy method is selected depending on the number, location, size and shape of the polyp. In most cases, polyps are removed using a diathermic loop (electroexcision). Polyps are rarely removed by hot biopsy, diathermocoagulation, mechanical cutting, or laser photocoagulation. Even less commonly, the tumor is removed by medication (alcohol, acetic acid) and freezing. In addition to the main methods, there are various additions to them that make polypectomy safer and facilitate polyp removal (creation of a novocaine cushion at the base of the polyp, two-stage and instrumental removal of the polyp).

Electroexcision of a polyp is performed using a crescent-shaped or polygonal diathermic loop and high-frequency current. Multiple polyps are removed starting from the distal part of the stomach towards the proximal one.

Polyp excision is usually performed in coagulation mode. At the site of the removed polyp, a scab forms, which is rejected after 6-8 days. The cutting mode is used when burn necrosis spreads to the stomach wall and in the presence of polyps that are resistant to electric current.

All removed single, solitary and residual polyps are removed for histological examination. In case of multiple polyps and polyposis, tumors that are large in size, have a lumpy surface, as well as polyps whose base is poorly cut through by a loop during electrical excision are removed for histological examination.

After polypectomy, all patients are under dynamic observation. Control endoscopic examinations are carried out once every six months in the first five years, and once a year thereafter.

Head of the Endoscopic Department of the Ultrasound Center of the National Clinical Hospital

Kozhushkevich A.Yu.

How to remove polyps

As noted earlier, sometimes polyps can transform into stomach cancer, so they need to be removed. Some patients refuse surgery to remove a stomach polyp, citing the fact that the disease does not bother them at all. In such cases, careful and regular monitoring of the dynamics of the process is necessary. As a result, the polyp will still have to be removed, so it is best to do it right away and not expose yourself to unnecessary risks.

Currently, several methods for removing gastric polyps remain relevant:

• Endoscopic technology. It is a minimally invasive intervention and is performed without incisions. Using endoscopic equipment that enters the stomach through the oral cavity, the doctor finds the polyp and removes it with an electrocoagulator or loop. This method is simple and quick, does not require general anesthesia and rarely leads to the development of serious complications. However, it can be used to remove small and single polyps.
• Laser removal. It is a type of endoscopic method. In this case, the polyp is evaporated by a laser. The advantage of this method is the possibility of precise control of the depth of exposure, high accuracy, absence of bleeding, and a short rehabilitation period. Again, laser removal is used only for single small polyps.
• Abdominal surgery. It is a full-fledged surgical intervention, which is performed under general anesthesia. The scope of the operation is determined individually and may include removal of some part of the stomach or the entire organ. This radical method is used in cases where there is a suspicion of stomach cancer or multiple polyposis is noted. In modern surgery, preference is given to low-traumatic techniques, therefore, instead of abdominal surgery, which involves a large incision in the anterior abdominal wall, in some cases laparoscopic removal of the polyp can be used.

After removal of a polyp in the stomach, relapses of the disease may occur, so it is necessary to periodically undergo examination by a gastroenterologist. In addition, after treatment, the doctor will draw up an individual list of recommendations regarding nutrition and lifestyle, which must be strictly followed.