What was the impetus?
Frequent diarrhea or, conversely, constipation and, accordingly, anything that impairs intestinal motility can provoke a rupture of the mucous membrane in the rectum. Namely: physical inactivity, poor nutrition, lack of fluid in the diet, stress and concomitant diseases. First of all, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, colitis, gastritis and, of course, hemorrhoids, in which 95% of patients have cracks.
Since problems with blood vessels can also lead to this consequence, people suffering from varicose veins in the pelvic and rectal area, thrombophlebitis, and vasculitis should also be on guard. Pregnancy and childbirth also increase the risk of anal fissures. This may be why 60% of patients are young and middle-aged women. Nervous overload also has a negative impact. After all, they disrupt the innervation of the anus and can lead to sphincter spasm. And finally, there is mechanical damage, which can occur during, say, anal sex or an incorrectly performed colonoscopy.
Ointments and creams for the treatment of anal fissure
To treat anal fissure at home, you can independently use ointments for external use. We offer a selection of effective remedies for anal fissures:
- Levomekol. The ointment accelerates metabolic processes and promotes rapid wound healing. Antiseptic substances in its composition help eliminate inflammation in the anal area.
- Heparin ointment. The drug is often used to treat anal fissures as recommended by doctors.
- Ultraproct ointment. The use of ointment helps to disinfect the treated area and accelerate wound healing. The drug has an analgesic effect.
- Solcoseryl ointment. The use of the drug allows you to speed up the healing of anal wounds and return to a healthy lifestyle. Before use, apply the ointment to the tampon and carefully insert it into the rectum.
- Ointment Rescuer. The drug is also used to accelerate the regeneration of wounds and healing of anal fissures at home. The medicine contains natural ingredients that promote healing.
Before use, it is recommended to consult a proctologist.
What time is it now?
The length of the crack can range from a few millimeters to two centimeters. Most often, the defect is formed on the anterior and posterior walls of the rectum. Proctologists even have their own system for indicating topography, similar to a clock dial. They say: crack at 6 or 12 o'clock. So, approximately 85% of cracks occur closer to 6 o’clock, 12–13% occur at “noon” and very rarely ruptures occur in other places.
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An anal fissure is considered acute within four weeks. Then, if it does not go away, it becomes chronic. The sooner you contact a proctologist with this problem, the higher the chances of dealing with it conservatively, without surgery. In 40–60% of patients, the disease goes away on its own after a couple of days when stool normalizes. But chronic fissures not only take much longer to heal, but are also fraught with complications - they increase the risk of infection of the fissure (paraproctitis) and can lead to colitis, fistulas, bleeding, and prostatitis in men. Let's add to this the fear of chairs, which develops due to pain that appears during prolonged sitting.
How to cure a crack yourself at home
In the early stages, anal fissure is treated conservatively using medications without surgery. Alcohol and spicy foods are completely excluded from the diet. Intestinal function improves, stool softens, and trauma to the fissure in the anal canal decreases. Oil micro-enemas (150 g of warm water + 50 g of sunflower oil) are used before stool. The solution is poured into a 200 ml bulb. The procedure is carried out over 10-15 days. Manipulation will soften dense feces that cause injury.
What will the doctor prescribe?
Since there are many causes of the disease and the treatment is complex, the patient is prescribed:
- Rectal suppositories and ointments that have anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, wound healing and analgesic effects.
- Tablets that improve blood circulation and vascular function.
- 20-minute daily warm sitz baths with chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort, oak bark, yarrow. Warm water helps relieve sphincter spasm, which often occurs with cracks, and also helps eliminate swelling and pain.
In addition, for constipation, various medications are prescribed to ease bowel movements, since as long as constipation persists, treatment will be pointless. You should not take laxatives uncontrollably. For cracks, as a rule, a drug is prescribed from one of three groups:
- agents that increase the volume of intestinal contents (usually they are of plant origin or cellulose-based);
- polyhydric alcohols that do not irritate the intestines (lactulose-based);
- emollients (vaseline and sea buckthorn oils).
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Causes
The main reason for the development of internal forms of hemorrhoids is a violation of the inflow and outflow of blood in the cavernous (cavernous) bodies. In a healthy person, these corpuscles fill with blood when the intestines are filled with feces, which causes them to increase and makes it easier to control the urge to defecate. After successful bowel movement, blood flows out and the cavernous bodies shrink.
If the regulation of outflow is disrupted and the cavernous bodies are constantly in an increased size, then over time this leads to varicose veins and thinning of the venous vessels. The main causes of blood outflow disorders traditionally include the following factors:
Important!
- You should not rely only on ointments, tablets and suppositories. The patient is required to change his lifestyle.
- Increase physical activity and do gymnastics (any abdominal exercises and squeezing and unclenching the buttocks are useful).
- Avoid heavy lifting.
- Toilet the anus after each bowel movement with warm water and soap.
- Eat properly. This means reducing the amount of fatty, starchy and sweet foods, as well as pickled, spicy and salty foods and increasing the content of vegetables and fruits. Alcohol, especially strong alcohol, should be excluded. For constipation, a contrast breakfast is useful (a glass of cool juice, after 20 minutes - hot porridge), on an empty stomach - taking a dessert spoon of sunflower or olive oil, beets in all types, bread with bran, porridge, apples, drinking plenty of fluids (at least 3 liters of clean water in a day).
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Symptoms
At stages 1-2, internal hemorrhoids rarely cause any trouble and in most situations proceed hidden. In some cases, patients are disturbed by a feeling of discomfort in the anus, which intensifies after a long stay in a sitting position, as well as a feeling of incomplete bowel movement after defecation in the actual absence of constipation.
As the disease progresses to stages 3-4, more striking symptoms appear:
- itching, burning or constant discomfort in the anus;
- painful bowel movements, with pain persisting for 10-30 minutes after defecation;
- bleeding from the anus (less often - mucous discharge);
- prolapse of hemorrhoids from the anus to the outside.
- anoscopy - to assess the size of hemorrhoids;
- rectoscopy - to detect concomitant diseases;
- colonoscopy - to examine the general condition of the rectum.
Diagnostics
Internal hemorrhoids are easily detected during a digital examination of the anus by a proctologist or surgeon. In some cases, special instrumental research may be required:
Folk remedies
From pain. Cut something like a candle out of raw potatoes (or lard), dip it in sea buckthorn oil or honey and leave it overnight. The suppository will come out naturally during bowel movements. Course – 10 days.
For constipation. At night, drink a glass of kefir with a tablespoon of vegetable oil added.
From itching and burning . Cold bath with plantain. Add 100–150 ml of plantain decoction to cool water.
From inflammation. Compress with aloe juice. Soak a clean gauze bandage in aloe juice and apply it to the inflamed area for 10–20 minutes. You can also use propolis mixed with butter: 10 g of propolis per 100 g of butter.
Rectal suppositories
After stool, it is recommended to rinse with warm water without using paper and take a warm bath for 10-20 minutes. Warm water helps relax muscles, reduces sphincter spasm, and pain subsides. After taking water procedures, you can use candles:
- proctoglivenol,
- ultraproct,
- relief advance,
- hepatrombin G,
- preparatory h,
- natalsid.
Suppositories are inserted into the anus twice a day (morning and evening). Before use, the candle must be warmed and kneaded in your hands. After insertion, hold for 2-3 minutes and then push into the anal canal. Delaying the introduction will allow the suppository to work better at the beginning of the anal canal.
These medications and procedures will allow you to cure anal fissure at an early stage. If the condition worsens, you should immediately consult a doctor. We strongly advise against starting self-treatment of anal fissure at home if the disease is at an advanced stage.
Treatment options
Internal hemorrhoids can be treated conservatively, but only if the disease was detected in the early, almost always asymptomatic, stages. In this case, the patient is prescribed regulation of motor activity, prevention of constipation (diet table No. 3), taking phlebotonic drugs and a course of therapy with rectal antihemorrhoidal suppositories.
If the favorable moment has been missed, only surgical methods will help to cope with the disease:
- 1. Sclerotherapy
: a sclerosing drug is injected into the hemorrhoidal node, causing “gluing” of the walls of the venous vessel and its gradual resorption. Effective for the treatment of stage 1-2 hemorrhoids. At stages 3-4 of the disease, the procedure helps reduce the size of the nodes.
2. Laser vaporization
: The hemorrhoid is removed using heat from a laser beam. Effective for the treatment of stage 1-3 hemorrhoids. At stage 4, vaporization is practically useless.
3. Hemorrhoidectomy
: direct removal of hemorrhoids using a scalpel or electric knife. It is used at the 4th stage when hemorrhoids prolapse outward.
4. Removal using the Surgitron device
: The hemorrhoid is removed with a narrow beam of high-frequency radio waves. Like hemorrhoidectomy, it is indicated for prolapsed nodes.
Latex ligation for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids, as a rule, is not used due to the low effectiveness of this method in combating advanced forms of the disease - that is, when the internal node falls out.
