Therapeutic diet: nutritional features for duodenitis and gastritis

“Space diet” by Sergei Sivokho: without denying himself anything, the comedian lost 42 kg in 3 months

Gastroduodenitis, that is, inflammation of the stomach and duodenum, is nothing more than a chronic form of gastritis. In this article we will look at what proper nutrition should be for superficial, acute, chronic gastroduodenitis, as well as what to eat with high acidity.

The diet for gastroduodenitis necessarily includes a sample menu for the week, including tasty and healthy recipes. Also in the material below you will be provided with information on how to eat properly in order to maintain the results of the diet.

The need to follow a diet for gastroduodenitis

A diet for gastroduodenitis is mandatory, since the consumption of certain foods can negatively affect the condition of the affected mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum, which aggravates the disease.

Nutrition for gastroduodenitis is selected individually in each specific case. The choice of diet for the patient depends on the form in which the disease occurs, as well as on the presence of concomitant pathologies.

When symptoms of the disease are identified, treatment of the inflammatory process in adults should include the mandatory use of a diet, which is due to the following factors:

• some types of foods cause chemical irritation to the stomach (smoked foods, fatty foods, raw vegetables);
• consumption of irritating foods against the background of progression of pathology can cause the formation of ulcers or the development of a malignant tumor;
• If you have gastroduodenitis, it is permissible to eat food in crushed form, which facilitates the process of digestion. Hard pieces entering the esophagus can further injure the affected mucous membranes.

The general principles of nutrition for gastroduodenitis are the following:

• meals should be regular and taken at the same time, at regular intervals;
• you need to eat in small portions. Under no circumstances should overeating be allowed;
• You cannot eat food cold or hot. It should be warm;
• proper nutrition for various forms of gastroduodenitis involves preparing food by boiling, stewing, baking;
• Meals should be frequent - up to 5-6 times a day.

The menu for gastroduodenitis is drawn up by the doctor after determining the form in which the disease occurs in the patient.

Classification of gastroduodenitis

Depending on the course of the disease, chronic and superficial gastroduodenitis are distinguished.

Depending on the etiology, there are:

• exogenous (primary) gastroduodenitis;
• endogenous (secondary) gastroduodenitis.

According to the degree of prevalence, widespread and localized gastroduodenitis are distinguished. According to the level of acidity, gastroduodenitis is distinguished with normal, increased or decreased secretory function.

Erosive gastroduodenitis differs from other types of gastroduodenitis in that it is accompanied by erosions and multiple small ulcers of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach. The erosive form is a type of superficial gastroduodenitis. In most cases, it is the background for the further development of peptic ulcer disease.

Choosing the right diet

Diet is a mandatory element of the treatment process for any form of this disease.

The acute form of gastroduodenitis requires adherence to a strict diet. Fasting is recommended for the first few days after symptoms of the disease appear.

In this case, the patient should drink enough water to prevent dehydration (at least 2 liters of clean water daily).

In the acute stage of the disease, you should adhere to diet number 1 or its variations. The total daily energy value in this case is 1800 kcal.

The basic principle of dietary nutrition in this case:

• reducing the amount of carbohydrates;
• salt intake should be limited to 6-8 g per day.

After the exacerbation stage, the specialist reviews the patient’s diet.

In the case of chronic gastroduodenitis, the diet involves regularly providing the body with plenty of fluids, excluding all foods that irritate the gastric mucosa, and eating food prepared by baking or boiling.

Gastroduodenitis with high and low acidity requires the organization of fractional nutrition. In the first case, the consumption of dairy products, cereals, fish, and secondary low-fat broths is allowed. Sour foods, smoked foods and preserves are prohibited.

The question of how to eat with gastroduodenitis with low acidity also requires attention.

The basis of the diet is soups made from low-fat broths, boiled cereal side dishes, sweet fruits and berries, fermented milk drinks (ryazhenka, kefir). Legumes and dried fruits are prohibited.

For gastroduodenitis with low acidity, reduce salt intake.

When diagnosed with erosive gastroduodenitis, prolonged fasting is indicated, as well as adherence to diets numbered 1, 1A and 1B. It is important to consume animal fats in strictly dosed quantities.

In the atrophic form of the disease, nutrition according to the principles of diet No. 2 is indicated. In this case, it is important to consider that liquid and solid foods should be consumed separately.

Features of nutrition for superficial gastroduodenitis

This form of the disease also requires a special diet. The diet for superficial gastroduodenitis is based on the following principles:

• consumption of low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese, kefir, milk);
• inclusion of boiled beets, potatoes, carrots in the diet;
• consumption of boiled or steamed meat of rabbit, chicken, as well as fish - hake, pink salmon;
• ensuring plenty of fluids. It is recommended to drink mineral waters and compotes.

The number of meals is 5-6 times a day.

Absolutely forbidden

You should not eat foods that promote gas formation, as well as dishes that will irritate the mucous membranes. For ease of use, doctors have created a whole list of such unacceptable variations:

• Brown bread, fried buns and puff pastry. You should also exclude yeast baked goods.
• Borscht, concentrated soups, okroshka and cabbage soup.
• Fatty meat, lard, smoked meats.
• Fried fish, canned food.

Fried fish is not recommended

• Sausages, especially dry-cured ones.
• Pasta.
• All types of fast food cafe products.
• Seasonings.
• Some vegetables (white cabbage, radish and celery).
• Barley, wheat and pearl barley porridge.
• Fatty or sour sour cream, cream, ice cream.
• Foods with coarse fiber: legumes, nuts, banana and avocado.
• Sweets, cakes.
• Fresh fruits and sour berries.

Cakes will have to be excluded from the menu

• Coffee, cappuccino.
• Sugar and honey.

Features of different dietary tables

The diet for gastroduodenitis involves adherence to special systems, or “tables”.

In case of exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to adhere to table menu No. 1. It provides the following principles:

• The basis of the diet consists of pureed dishes prepared by boiling in water or steaming;
• You need to eat in small portions, up to 6 times a day, and the last meal should be taken before bed. This is a glass of low-fat kefir or milk;
• It is permissible to eat lean meat, boiled potatoes, carrots, honey, and marshmallows.

Diet No. 1 for gastroduodenitis prohibits the consumption of fried or hard-boiled eggs, coarse cereals, canned and pickled vegetables.

Compliance with table No. 5 involves the use of boiled and steamed dishes. The amount of salt can be increased to 10 g per day (in case of exacerbation, this dose is up to 6 g).

According to Diet 5 for gastroduodenitis, you cannot eat cold dishes, but you can eat hotter ones (with a temperature of up to 60 degrees).

Therapeutic nutrition according to table number 5 involves the consumption of stale bread, vegetable soups (not necessarily in pureed form), fish and chicken meat, and low-fat dairy products.

You should not eat legumes, sour first courses (borscht, cabbage soup), sweets, or cooking fats.

Danger of duodenitis

Duodenitis inhibits the process of digesting food. Hormones responsible for digestive activity cease to be produced with the necessary frequency. Thus, we get poor digestibility, which leads to a serious imbalance in metabolism.

The danger of duodenitis lies not only in its ability to negatively affect the digestive process. If treated incorrectly, the inflammatory process is significantly aggravated, which causes severe pain and the inability to eat normally. Ultimately, this leads to the chronic stage of the disease. Erosive duodenitis may also appear.

In the future, a person may develop erosive ulcers, chronic pain in the abdomen, indigestion of food, and the possibility of internal bleeding.

What foods can you eat?

For acute and chronic forms of gastroduodenitis you can use:

• crackers, stale bread;
• pureed vegetable soups (during periods of exacerbation) or with whole pieces of vegetables (during chronic conditions);
• minced meat dishes (not fried);
• boiled offal;
• low-fat cottage cheese;
• steamed omelettes;
• broccoli;
• milk sausages (without lard);
• homemade fruit jellies or jelly;
• weak tea and coffee;
• rosehip decoction.

Fully or partially limited products

The diet for chronic cholecystitis and gastritis excludes the use of:

• Broths, since during cooking 50% of the extractive substances pass into them. In case of exacerbation, vegetarian soups are recommended.
• Fried foods (eggs, meat, pies, fish, potatoes, pancakes, pancakes), mushrooms, any sausages, smoked meats, canned food (you can include canned vegetables and meat for baby food).
• Fatty meat and fish, full-fat milk and cream (only in dishes), fish caviar, salted fish, sauerkraut cabbage soup, okroshka.
• Seasonings (garlic, onion, vinegar, pepper, roots, horseradish, mustard).
• Cooking fats, lard, goose and duck meat.
• Very cold drinks and food (ice cream, any food from the refrigerator).
• Fresh bread, pastries, cakes, strong coffee and cocoa.
• Products with oxalic acid (sorrel, rhubarb, spinach) and essential oils (garlic, onion, radish, radish).
• Legumes and coarse vegetables - radishes, turnips, white cabbage, radish.
• By-products due to their high cholesterol content - animal and poultry liver, kidneys, brains.
• Strong black coffee and tea, chocolate and cocoa.

Table of prohibited products

Prohibited and unwanted products

The diet plan for gastroduodenitis involves avoiding foods such as:

• fresh bread;
• smoked meats;
• canned food;
• sour fruits and vegetables, as well as berries;
• mustard;
• legumes;
• coarse cereals with a high fiber content (pearl barley, millet);
• pickled, pickled, canned vegetables.

It is undesirable to eat (drink):

• strong broths (including vegetable and mushroom broths);
• strong coffee, tea;
• carbonated drinks;
• chocolate;
• ice cream;
• spinach;
• white cabbage.

Nutrition for duodenitis and gastritis

Many people are scared by the very word “diet” - they think that such a name implies giving up everything tasty. This is wrong. A gentle diet allows you to eat varied and tasty, since the list of permitted foods and dishes is quite large. It includes vegetables, fruits, berries, meat, fish, cereals, dairy products, and various drinks. Let us consider in more detail what exactly and in what form should be included in the diet of a patient with gastritis and duodenitis.

Allowed foods and dishes

Since this therapeutic diet, by limiting the choice of dishes, should nourish the body with everything necessary for recovery, you need to pay attention to what vitamins and minerals should be supplied to the body with food. Without fail and in sufficient quantities, these are vitamins A, B1, B2, C and PP and the minerals calcium, magnesium and iron. You should choose foods that contain enough of these substances. In addition, the attending physician may prescribe additional vitamin and mineral complexes.

1. Cereals: oatmeal (flakes), semolina, rice and buckwheat. From them, pureed slimy porridges are prepared using milk diluted with water. Porridge is the basis of the diet for these diseases.
2. Fruits and berries: bananas, sour apples, watermelon, raspberries, strawberries, blueberries. Berries can be supplemented with low-fat milk. Jelly is also recommended.
3. Meat and fish: lean varieties in pureed form (soufflé, steamed cutlets). In some cases, it is recommended to give up meat for one to two weeks.
4. Vegetables: zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, white cabbage (preferably only in soup). Limit potatoes! It is recommended to consume vegetables in the form of pureed soups and casseroles.
5. Egg dishes: soft omelettes with low-fat milk.

6. Dairy products: low-fat cottage cheese in the form of homogeneous casseroles, low-fat milk, kefir, yogurt (without artificial additives).
7. Drinks: green or herbal tea, compote.
8. Bread: only dried and little by little - 1 piece per day. In addition to soup or as a sandwich with butter or cheese.
9. Sweets: non-sour jellies, marshmallows, marmalade.

Prohibited foods and dishes

1. Anything that activates the production of gastric juice is prohibited: salty, fatty, fried, pickled, sour, smoked foods, as well as carbonated drinks. They irritate the mucous membranes themselves and contribute to the release of excess hydrochloric acid.
2. Also, you should not eat foods that linger in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time: complex dishes and coarse fiber foods, which are so popular today.
3. Anything that causes gas formation and bloating is not recommended: fresh bread and confectionery, rich soups, some vegetables and fruits (grapes, melon, citrus fruits, radishes, cabbage, tomatoes).

Sample menu for patients with gastroduodenitis

The menu for the week might look like this:

Monday. For breakfast, you can prepare rice porridge with milk and half and half water and a baked apple with cottage cheese. For lunch - vegetable soup and steamed meatballs. For dinner, cook buckwheat with boiled fish.

Tuesday. Breakfast – oatmeal with milk, berry jelly. Lunch - boiled rice and boiled meat, rosehip infusion or brewed chicory. Dinner – vegetable puree, a glass of weak tea.

Wednesday. Breakfast – low-fat cottage cheese, tea or fruit jelly. Lunch – baked meat soufflé. Dinner – buckwheat porridge with lean meat.

Thursday. Breakfast – semolina porridge and low-fat cottage cheese. Lunch – soup with rolled oats, steamed cutlet. Dinner – rice pudding, croutons.

Friday. Breakfast – cottage cheese casserole, banana, tea. Lunch – rice soup, vegetable puree, steamed cutlet. Dinner – fruit salad, rice and milk casserole.

Saturday. Breakfast – oatmeal porridge, baked apple. Lunch – buckwheat soup, vegetable puree, lean boiled meat. Dinner – stewed vegetables, baked fish.

Sunday. Breakfast - cottage cheese with strawberries, lunch - rice porridge and jelly, dinner - vegetable puree and boiled meat.

Example of meals for a week

It is best to follow the recommendations of a nutritionist, who will professionally create a diet so that a person receives the required amount of vital substances. In addition, you need to remember about frequent snacks, because fasting is prohibited.

Often the patient is prescribed diet No. 1 or 2, but the choice depends on the degree of damage to the mucous membrane. At different stages of treatment for duodenitis, the patient may be prescribed several diets. Thus, during the acute period of the disease, doctors set strict requirements, and if the dynamics are positive, more foods are allowed to be consumed.

New Stage 1 esophagitis, symptoms and treatment

A diet for duodenitis may look like this.

For breakfast they prepare a boiled egg, tea with a slice of wheat bread. You can refresh yourself with a rosehip drink. The main meal will be vegetable soup, the next snack will be cookies. For dinner, prepare mashed potatoes with a steamed cutlet, and before bed - a glass of warm milk.

You can eat a steamed omelet and wash down the meal with compote and dry biscuits. After 3 hours, a person is allowed a glass of diluted juice. For lunch they serve puree soup, and after a while - jelly. In the evening you are allowed to eat meatballs with boiled beets, and wash it down with weak tea.

Breakfast will be semolina, milk with croutons. Snack - juice. Then milk soup is served, and cookies are served as an afternoon snack. A steamed cutlet and a salad of boiled vegetables are perfect for dinner, which can be completed with a glass of warm milk.

A person will eat oatmeal with a biscuit and drink tea. Rose hip decoction is consumed before lunch, during which vegetable soup is prepared. Jelly is the next snack. For dinner they offer rice and meatballs and weak tea.

Serve a steamed omelette, compote and a dried piece of bread. After 3 hours, satisfy your hunger with a glass of milk. The puree soup is suitable for lunch, then the patient is advised to eat a few cookies. A tender souffle of lean meat with buckwheat is dinner, and you can wash it down with warm cocoa.

Prepare a boiled egg and wash it down with a glass of milk and dry biscuits. Diluted juice or jelly will serve as a snack. Next, you can eat milk soup, and after a while - jelly. For dinner they eat a steamed cutlet and boiled carrots with a herbal drink.

It starts with buckwheat, tea and a piece of yesterday’s bread. Milk will fill you up until lunch. The main meal will be vegetable soup. Cookies will satisfy your hunger during the afternoon snack. The evening meal will consist of low-fat meat souffle and noodles, a glass of milk.

Most often, with proper treatment and diet, duodenitis goes away within a few weeks. To begin with, the patient is washed out the stomach and allowed to fast for 2 days. Such procedures and nutrition are necessary for exacerbation of gastritis and duodenitis. At the same time, you may be prescribed to drink potassium permanganate. On the third day the patient is transferred to a therapeutic diet. With repeated exacerbations, the disease may become chronic, but in this case, treatment will take longer.

It is best to cook food in a double boiler or multicooker, as this will cause less hassle. You should not overuse vegetable oil and salt when cooking, this will negatively affect the course of therapy and can cause complications. There are multicookers with a bread maker function, which makes working with such products much easier. It is better to prepare dishes at home, because it is easier to control the quality of the products and the processing method.

For information on nutritional rules for gastritis, see below:

Duodenitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, and gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Both diseases can be either chronic or acute, and for both diagnoses, a diet that is gentle on the mucous membranes must be prescribed. It is necessary to understand that nutrition in this case is an integral part of therapy, and in a certain sense, the key to its success, because if the patient does not follow the rules of nutrition, the positive effect of the medications may not only decrease, but even disappear.

The prescribed diet for duodenitis and gastritis helps heal erosions and reduces inflammation of the mucous membrane. This diet is prescribed in order to stabilize the digestive system and at the same time supply the body with all the necessary nutrients.

Recipes

Recipes for dishes that can be prepared for this disease are varied. You can prepare the following dishes:

Meatballs. To prepare them, take approved meat (chicken, lean pork) and grind it into minced meat. For 500 g of prepared minced meat, take 250 g of boiled and mashed rice, mix with a small amount of milk. Form balls from this mixture and boil them in lightly salted water;

Stewed fish. For gastroduodenitis, it is useful to eat low-fat fish. For this dish you need to take varieties such as hake, pollock, and cod. After processing and cutting the fish into portions, lightly salt it. Place on the bottom of the pan, pour in vegetable broth, and top with sliced ​​celery and carrots. Simmer the fish for about 30 minutes with the lid closed;

Baked apples. If you have gastroduodenitis, it is forbidden to eat confectionery, but this dessert can be eaten by all patients. To prepare, take a few apples of the sweet and sour variety, cut out the core, put a little cottage cheese mixed with a little sugar or jam inside. Place in the oven and cook until the skin is golden brown.

Symptoms and treatment of gastroduodenitis in adults is a pressing issue, since many suffer from this disease. Diet correction is an integral component of complex therapy. The menu for the patient is selected based on the degree of development of the pathological process, as well as the stage at which it is located.