11/25/2019 Article
- general characteristics
- Table "Do's and Don'ts"
- Menu for the week
- Diet "Table 2A"
Indications for prescribing the “2 table” diet are:
- chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency with mild exacerbation and in the recovery stage after exacerbation;
- acute gastritis, enteritis, colitis during the recovery period, the diet is used as a transition to a balanced diet;
- chronic enteritis and colitis after and without exacerbation and without concomitant diseases of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas or gastritis with preserved or increased secretion.
The diet is also prescribed during the recovery period after acute infections and operations.
The essence and purpose of the diet
Treatment table No. 2, as a rule, is used in the period after an exacerbation of the inflammatory process of the stomach and intestines; before that, diet No. 1 is used. It is important to know that such a diet may not be suitable for patients with concomitant diseases of the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.
Therefore, such a diet should be prescribed exclusively by a gastroenterologist based on the general condition of the patient and the results of laboratory and instrumental tests. : If the patient's condition worsens and the symptoms of the disease progress, the doctor prescribes a different course of treatment and diet.
Content:
- The essence and purpose of the diet
- Eating on a diet
- Menu for table No. 2
- Dietary dishes for table No. 2
- Finally
The goal of this program is to stimulate the normal secretion of digestive enzymes. With the virtual absence or insufficient production of digestive juices, the normal process of digestion is impossible.
That is why the goal of diet therapy using table No. 2 is to restore digestive function. In addition, during therapeutic nutrition, the motility of the digestive tract improves. Gastrointestinal motility ensures the movement of food through the digestive tract and its mixing with gastric juice. Violations of this function are also dangerous and extremely undesirable.
Table number 2 is characterized as a complete and balanced diet. The list of prohibited foods includes hard-to-digest, fatty and spicy foods. Almost all types of heat treatment are allowed. The patient must eat at least 2800 kcal per day, this is the daily caloric intake for an ordinary person. That is, you don’t have to starve or severely restrict yourself, and it’s not even allowed. Particular attention is paid here to mechanical sparing.
The chemical composition of the diet should consist of all the vitamins and microelements the body needs. Every day you need to consume approximately 100 g of proteins and fats, both vegetable and animal, and supplement with 400 g of carbohydrates.
To accurately navigate the amount of components consumed, it is better to find recipes indicating the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as calorie content per 100 g of dish or food product. Such recipes are most common on websites for athletes and health portals. In general, you need to eat a little of everything a day: dietary meats, poultry, white fish, cereals, vegetables, fruits. It is recommended to eat plant foods not raw, but cooked. You also need to limit the amount of salt - no more than 15 grams per day.
Mechanical processing of dishes for table No. 2: food should be finely chopped, pureed, soft, mushy. Lean fish fillets do not need to be chopped; the main thing is to eat them without skin. Everything else should be in the form of baby food, soups - not rich and liquid (not bone and with a second broth), porridge - pureed, fillets for cutlets and meatballs - it is better to pass through a meat grinder several times.
Heat treatment: the diet should consist of approximately 80% boiled or steamed foods. Food can also be baked, stewed or fried. The main thing is that there is no thick crust. When frying, it is not allowed to use breading in breadcrumbs or batter with flour. The food consumed should only be warm: not very cold and not too hot. It is also not allowed to overeat; there should be 4-5 moderate servings per day.
So, to recover from gastritis and related diseases, you need to eat warm, soft food, divided into 4-5 meals. You can't overeat and starve. The basis of the diet should be cooked ingredients.
general characteristics
The “2 table” diet provides complete nutrition, moderately stimulates the secretory function of the digestive organs and normalizes the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract.
General characteristics:
a physiologically complete diet with moderate mechanical sparing and moderate stimulation of the secretion of the digestive organs. Dishes of varying degrees of grinding and heat treatment are allowed - boiled, stewed, baked, fried without forming a rough crust (without breading in breadcrumbs or flour). Puree dishes are made from foods rich in connective tissue or fiber. Avoid foods and dishes that linger in the stomach for a long time, are difficult to digest, irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, and very cold and hot dishes.
Chemical composition and calorie content:
- carbohydrates - 400-420 g,
- proteins - 90-100 g (60% animals),
- fats – 90-100 (25% vegetable),
- calories - 2800-3000 kcal,
- sodium chloride - up to 15 g,
- free liquid - 1.5 l.
Diet:
4-5 times a day without large meals.
Eating on a diet
Flour for baking should be 1st 2nd milling and only made from wheat. Baked goods must be dried, baked the day before use. Once every three to four days you can eat pies or dried pies; the filling must be made from acceptable ingredients.
It is forbidden:
- puff pastries and cookies;
- baked goods;
- dark bread;
- hot pastries.
Be sure to eat liquid food at least once a day. Broths for first courses can be made with mushrooms or vegetables. It is not prohibited to use vermicelli, finely chopped vegetables, and permitted cereals for the first one. If meat is used for the broth, it must be boiled twice, and the soup should be cooked in secondary broth. Use only lean meats. Light fish soup made from lean fish and borscht (with a minimum content of white cabbage) are also allowed.
The first one is not allowed with:
- with milk or kefir;
- beans;
- strong broth;
- with millet.
Lean meat without layers of fat and skin is allowed. Boiled tongue and natural sausages are allowed (milk sausages are possible). You can cook rabbit, chicken, turkey, young beef, and game. Lamb and pork are limited (possible, but as little as possible). Fish with white, lean meat is suitable: crucian carp, hake, cod, etc.
It is forbidden:
- old lamb, beef, streaky pork, goose, duck;
- other types of meat and fish, smoked or raw;
- canned food, marinades.
Cereals (except those prohibited) can be added to diet cutlets, puddings, and baked pancakes. You can use water as a base for porridge or add a third of milk to it. They must be ground before serving. Millet can be eaten up to 2 times a week.
It is forbidden:
- barley;
- barley;
- corn;
- all types of beans.
Plant food. Only fully ripe fruits are allowed. Several times a week (if well tolerated) green peas are introduced into the diet. Mousses, purees, jelly, steamed vegetables, lean roasts, smoothies are served in pureed form (after heat treatment).
Do not use:
- bell pepper;
- radishes and radishes;
- mushrooms;
- garlic;
- cucumbers;
- onion.
Among fruits and berries, fruits with rough skin and seeds are prohibited: figs, dates. Raspberries, currants and gooseberries are also not used.
Eggs. You can use any: quail, chicken, turkey, goose. If you are frying fried eggs or omelettes, do not allow a crust to form. You can cook it soft-boiled, steamed or poached.
Don't: Hard-boiled eggs.
Milk products. Low-fat milk, kefir, yogurt, natural yoghurts without additives. You can use a little grated hard cheese. Cottage cheese can be used for dishes or eaten in its natural form. You can add cream and a little sour cream to drinks and food (15 g per dish).
It is forbidden:
- fatty milk products;
- cheeses with nuts, high salt content or spicy ones.
Drinks – light coffee and cocoa. You can use weak decoctions and teas, sometimes with lemon. Natural juices from fruits, berries and vegetables should be diluted with clean water. It is recommended to periodically consume a decoction of bran (it has an enveloping effect on the inflamed mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, and mild stimulation of motility). Also, a herbal decoction of rose hips has a very good effect on digestion, which in addition has a vascular strengthening effect.
Do not use:
- carbonated drinks;
- alcoholic drinks;
- grape juice.
Dessert. Baked fruits, boiled berry purees, dried fruits, and pureed dried fruits are not prohibited. Buckwheat or May honey is added to dishes, teas and infusions. Natural nougat, jam, marshmallows, liquid preserves, meringues and marmalade are allowed. You can also drink sweet decoctions based on fruits and berries, jelly.
It is forbidden:
- fresh baked goods;
- chocolate and cream products;
- cold desserts;
- yoghurts with additives.
Hot, sour and fatty spices and sauces are also prohibited: mustard, adjika, ketchup, mayonnaise, horseradish. Animal and cooking fats should not be used for cooking: margarine, spread, lard, etc. You can add finely chopped greens to dishes.
Let's look at a sample menu for a week to make it easier to navigate the treatment program.
Diet 2 for gastritis
Diet No. 2 is prescribed for chronic gastritis with low acidity, chronic enteritis and colitis and concomitant diseases of the liver, pancreas, and biliary tract. The purpose of the diet is to stimulate the secretion of the digestive organs and normalize the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diet No. 2 is a physiologically complete diet; the diet contains dishes of varying degrees of grinding and cooking of dishes
This is a physiologically complete diet; the diet contains dishes of varying degrees of grinding and heat treatment - boiled, stewed, baked, fried without a rough crust (you cannot bread them in flour or breadcrumbs). Avoid very cold and very hot dishes, as well as food that is difficult to digest and lingers in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time.
Eating 4-5 times a day in small portions. The bread must be yesterday's bread or dried from premium or first-grade flour; savory baked goods and dry biscuits are allowed. Soups are prepared with weak, low-fat meat or fish broth and vegetable decoctions. Vegetables in the soup should be pureed or finely chopped, grains should be well boiled. Low-fat fish and poultry meat can be boiled in water or steamed, stewed, baked, but do not allow a crust to form.
You can and should eat dairy products - cottage cheese, sour cream, mild cheeses, fermented milk drinks, milk, cream. Porridge can be cooked with water, milk or with the addition of meat broth. Cereals can also be used to make puddings or cutlets. Vegetables are allowed stewed, boiled, baked. Raw, but preferably pureed, you can eat carrots, potatoes, cauliflower and white cabbage, zucchini, and pumpkin.
Raw, not pureed vegetables, salted or pickled, onions, radishes, radishes, bell peppers, cucumbers, rutabaga, and garlic are excluded. Fruits and berries must be ripe, in the form of purees, compotes, jelly, and mousses. Drinks - tea, coffee and cocoa with milk or water, fruit and vegetable juices diluted with water, bran and rosehip decoction.
Menu for table No. 2
Since the list of allowed products contains almost all the necessary ingredients, creating a menu will not be difficult. Also, there are practically no restrictions for heat treatment: any available methods, except for heavily fried. You can make individual adjustments and dishes to the menu, focusing on the rules of the therapeutic course.
Monday
Breakfast: boiled eggs, fruit jelly, coffee with milk.
Lunch: soup with beef, potatoes, noodles and herbs.
Afternoon snack: natural yogurt, honey apple in the oven.
Dinner: buckwheat with stewed chicken meatballs.
Before bed: natural yogurt.
Tuesday
Breakfast: cheese omelette made from proteins, coffee with cream and sugar.
Lunch: tomato soup, a portion of mashed potatoes.
Afternoon snack: tea with crackers.
Dinner: soft rice and fish quenelles.
Before bed: kefir.
Wednesday
Breakfast: light semolina with the addition of finely chopped dried apricots, coffee.
Lunch: soup with boiled cereals and vegetables, dried bread.
Afternoon snack: strawberry broth, homemade jelly.
Dinner: lean vegetable roast, separately a piece of boiled veal.
Before bed: yogurt.
Thursday
Breakfast: fried eggs, boiled milk sausage, coffee with milk.
Lunch: lean fish broth, dried bread.
Afternoon snack: semolina pudding, tea.
Dinner: diet steamed chicken cutlets with a side dish of vermicelli.
Before bed: kefir.
Friday
Breakfast: cocoa, oatmeal with milk.
Lunch: beetroot without meat, bread.
Afternoon snack: tea with marmalade.
Dinner: quenelles in sour cream sauce, some soft rice.
Before bed: natural yogurt.
Saturday
Breakfast: boiled sausage, eggs, coffee with cream.
Lunch: cream soup with chicken and broccoli or cauliflower.
Afternoon snack: honey and dried cookies, tea.
Dinner: baked cod without skin, carrot puree.
Before bed: yogurt.
Sunday
Breakfast: sandwiches made from wheat bread with hard cheese, coffee with milk.
Lunch: rassolnik (brine instead of cucumbers).
Afternoon snack: baked pear with powdered sugar, tea.
Dinner: noodle soup with minced meat, juice and water.
Before bed: kefir.
It is important to drink a normal amount of purified water throughout the day, most importantly not during meals. Water dilutes gastric juice and food is not digested normally. After eating, you need to wait 15-20 minutes and only then drink water. It is recommended to drink a glass of fermented milk drinks at night. You can use salt for cooking, but in minimal quantities. Strict adherence to all diet rules ensures a speedy recovery and transition to a nutritious diet.
Diet menu number 2
An approximate diet menu for table number two may look like this: breakfast - fried meat cutlets (without breading) or fish balls, boiled potatoes, pureed porridge with butter, cheese, coffee or tea with milk. Second breakfast – fresh or baked apples. Lunch – soup in meat broth made from prefabricated finely chopped vegetables, meat schnitzel, fruit jelly made from juice. Afternoon snack – tea, cheesecake with cottage cheese. Dinner – jellied fish, rice pudding, tea. Drink kefir before going to bed.
It should be noted that consuming only crushed food for more than 1-2 months in a row is undesirable. As you feel better and on the recommendation of your doctor, you can make changes to diet table number two.
Dietary dishes for table No. 2
A wide list of products allows you to show your imagination in creating a diet. Despite the fact that the food system is medicinal, there can be many options for dishes: puddings, casseroles, stews, soups, desserts and much more. As an example, let's look at some recipes for table No. 2.
Oatmeal pudding is suitable for breakfasts, afternoon snacks and as a main course.
To prepare, boil 2 cups of oatmeal with milk and sugar and leave to cool. At this time, grate the pumpkin (one cup). Place the pumpkin in a frying pan, add one glass of milk and simmer until tender. Mix both masses. Beat 2 egg whites until foamy and add to the pumpkin mixture, stirring constantly. Place the resulting dough in a greased pan, spread sour cream on top and bake until done. You can check the degree of readiness using a toothpick.
Fish pate is suitable for breakfast sandwiches or snacks.
One boiled carrot and 100 g of cottage cheese need to be ground until smooth. Separately, boil 200 g of cod fillet (you can use hake), pass it through a meat grinder and simmer the minced meat until the moisture evaporates. Combine both masses and beat well.
Kissel with dried apricots is great as a dessert or drink. You can take it in a thermos to work or for a walk.
Dried apricots (any amount) need to be boiled in water for 30 minutes. Then wipe the dried fruits and return them to the broth. Separately, mix starch with clean water (1:4), at the rate of 15 g of starch per 200 ml of broth. Introduce starch solution into a boiling broth with pureed dried apricots in a thin stream and immediately turn off. If the jelly is placed in portioned dishes (cremankas, glasses), sprinkle it with powdered sugar on top to prevent a crust from forming.
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