What types of enemas are there, how to choose the right one?

An enema is one of the simplest and most effective methods of cleansing the intestines. Even in ancient times, it was used to get rid of many diseases. Today, the procedure also contributes to overall health, qualitatively eliminating accumulated harmful substances. In addition, it helps to cope with such a delicate problem as constipation. Let's consider indications and contraindications for enemas, types of enemas, rules for administering enemas. It is also important to know the specifics of preparing for the procedure.

What is an enema?

This name refers to the introduction of liquids with different effects through the anus into the rectum. The process is not accompanied by significant discomfort or pain, yet the effect of the procedure is colossal.

Depending on the purpose of the production, there are different types of enemas:

• cleansing;
• medicinal;
• nutritious;
• siphon;
• oil;
• hypertensive;
• emulsion.

Each of them has its own features of use. Depending on the type of enemas, the indications for their use also vary.

The procedure must be carried out with the permission of the attending physician and preferably under his supervision. This is due to the fact that it has a number of contraindications, which, if ignored, can be harmful to health.

It is prohibited to perform an enema when:

• various types of inflammation of the colon mucosa;
• acute pathologies of the abdominal organs (for example, appendicitis, peritonitis);
• tendency to intestinal bleeding or if it is present;
• heart failure;
• dysbacteriosis;
• bleeding hemorrhoids;
• the presence of neoplasms in the colon.

In addition, an enema is contraindicated in the first few days after surgery in the digestive system.

Contraindications to administering an enema

You need to understand that an enema is not a safe procedure. The prescription of any type of artificial cleansing should be based on weighing all possible indications and contraindications.

This is due to the fact that absolutely all types of this procedure have their own side effects and consequences.

Particular attention should be paid to contraindications for administering an enema:

1. Large volumes of solutions for administration are absolutely contraindicated for constipation and fecal impaction.
2. In case of acute inflammatory process of the intestinal mucosa, it is necessary to ensure that there is no risk of perforation of the intestinal wall. This can lead to peritonitis, due to intestinal contents entering the abdominal cavity.
3. Ulcers of the intestinal mucosa. Defects in the intestinal mucosa are very dangerous in terms of wall ruptures and the possibility of intestinal bleeding.
4. Allergic reactions to components of solutions. The mucous membranes react more reactively to allergens, so even a small amount of a substance that causes an allergy gets on the intestinal mucosa can cause anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema.

Is preparation necessary?

No matter what type of enema you plan to use, you do not need to adhere to strict rules before using them.

General recommendations:

• the day before the procedure, it is advisable to exclude foods rich in fiber from the diet;
• On the day before the enema, it is recommended to give preference to first courses.

If the purpose of the procedure is to cleanse the intestines, there is no need to take laxatives. They do not affect the result in any way.

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Cleansing enema

Eating unhealthy foods and taking medications can negatively impact your gut health. As a result, it becomes “clogged” with harmful compounds that interfere with its normal functioning.

A cleansing type of enema helps get rid of waste and toxins, eliminating:

• bloating;
• stool disorders;
• weakness and fatigue;
• joint discomfort;
• pain localized in the right hypochondrium;
• bad breath.

In addition, the body's resistance to the effects of pathogenic microorganisms increases.

The cleansing type of enema refers to a procedure that is preferably performed either in the early morning (from 5 to 7 o'clock) or in the evening (from 20 to 21 o'clock). During these intervals, the intestines are maximally ready to get rid of harmful compounds.

The optimal positions for the procedure are the following:

• lying on your left side;
• knee-elbow;
• standing, bending forward;
• lying on your back.

For cleaning at home, you will need a rubber cylinder equipped with a long (1.5 m) tube and having replaceable tips. This product is called an Esmarch mug (simply an enema in the form of a heating pad). It comes in various capacities, the maximum being 2.5 liters.

It is important to pay attention to the tip - it should not be deformed, scratched, or have lost integrity. Before and after use, it must be washed and boiled.

Of no small importance is the water that is supposed to be introduced into the rectum. It needs to be boiled and cooled to 40° C. To achieve the maximum degree of purification, you can add 1.5 tbsp. l. salt or 2 tbsp. l. glycerin. It is allowed to use a decoction of herbs that have an anti-inflammatory effect. The optimal volume of liquid is 1.5-2 liters.

Cleansing type of enema - technique of administration:

1. Lubricate the tip with baby cream, Vaseline or vegetable oil.
2. After hanging Esmarch's mug, release the air from the tube. Place the tip on it.
3. Gently insert it into the anus. The speed of water flow can be adjusted with a faucet or a regular clothespin, if it is not included in the kit.
4. After the required volume of water enters the rectum, it must be kept inside for about 5-10 minutes. It is important that there is some liquid left in Esmarch's mug. This is necessary to prevent air from entering the body.

At the stage of inserting the tip into the anus, difficulties may arise. It can rest against the intestinal wall or feces and become clogged with them. In this case, it must be removed, washed and reinserted, but to a lesser depth.

How to choose the right enema: doctor's recommendations

In therapeutic enemas, extracts and decoctions of herbs with anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic effects are used. You also need to choose the right natural source wisely. Even at the same resort, drinking water differs in indications: Essentuki-17 contains a higher concentration of salts than Essentuki-4. The effect of the enema depends on compliance with the temperature regime:

• cold solution (from 0 to +18 degrees) reduces fever and activates peristalsis;
• a solution at room temperature (18-25 degrees) is more suitable for relieving constipation in children;
• warm (up to + 40) enemas relieve spastic muscle contractions, pain, dilute feces, and are quickly absorbed;
• hot (40-45) solutions are used in urology to eliminate urinary retention, rapid natural emptying, and treatment of the prostate.

Enemas with the following contents are prescribed:

• purified boiled water;
• soap solution;
• medications;
• salts (hypertonic) with magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride;
• acids (additives of acetic, malic, citric acid);
• glycerol;
• soda;
• oils (sea buckthorn, vaseline);
• oxygen mixture.

A large selection requires professional advice. The main contraindications coincide with the colon hydrotherapy procedure. It is not recommended to use an enema on your own.

Medicinal enema

Sometimes it may not be possible or advisable to inject medications intravenously. In such cases, this type of enema is used.

Indications for its use are:

• ineffectiveness of laxatives for regular constipation;
• infectious diseases of the rectum;
• severe pain syndrome;
• pathology of the prostate gland in men;
• presence of helminths.

In addition, it is advisable to use a medicinal enema if the patient is diagnosed with liver disease. In this case, the drugs injected into it are not absorbed and do not have a detrimental effect on the organ.

This type of enema is a therapeutic procedure. The volume of the solution should not exceed 100 ml, and its optimal temperature is 38° C. Failure to comply with these conditions will provoke the passage of feces, as a result of which the degree of absorption of the drug by the intestine will decrease and the procedure will be considered ineffective.

The composition of the solution depends on the purpose of the application. Most often used:

• starch;
• antibacterial drugs;
• adrenalin;
• iron chloride;
• antispasmodics;
• herbs (chamomile, valerian, fern, etc., they can also be used for cleansing enema).

Method of performing a medicinal enema:

1. The drug must be heated to the required temperature and filled with a Janet syringe or rubber bulb. Lubricate the tube (tip) with Vaseline or baby cream.
2. Lie on your left side and press your legs bent at the knees to your stomach.
3. With your buttocks apart, slowly insert the tip into the anus to a depth of about 15 cm.
4. After emptying the bulb or syringe, the product must be removed without unclenching it. For best absorption of the medicine, it is recommended to lie on your back and remain in this position for about half an hour.

Upon completion of the procedure, enema devices must be disinfected by boiling or treated with medical alcohol.

This method of drug administration ensures that the active substances quickly enter the bloodstream. Due to this, the therapeutic effect occurs in the shortest possible period of time.

Below in the photo is a type of enema for administering drugs, called a Janet syringe. Its maximum capacity is 200 cm3.

Enema for constipation in children at home

As you know, constipation affects not only the adult generation, but also children, especially under the age of one year.
Most often, this condition is associated with an incompletely formed microflora in the child, which plays an important role in maintaining the normal digestion process in the child’s body. Therefore, an enema, during the first months of a child’s life, is the best option for relieving constipation caused by stagnation of feces in the large intestine. Important! The decision about the need for an enema for a child at this age should only be made by a doctor. Confidence alone about the sufficiency of indications for this procedure is not enough, since constipation can be caused by processes of a pathological nature

A baby’s feeling of anxiety and pain in the abdomen can be caused by serious diseases such as inflammation of the appendix, volvulus, strangulated hernia and other equally dangerous diseases.

It is not enough to be certain that the indications for this procedure are sufficient, since constipation can be caused by processes of a pathological nature. A baby's feeling of anxiety and pain in the abdomen can be caused by serious diseases such as inflammation of the appendix, volvulus, strangulated hernia and other equally dangerous diseases.

Do not get carried away with enemas; abuse of laxatives can lead to addiction.

Important! Frequent use of enemas can lead to the so-called lazy bowel syndrome. Starting from the age of two, the child’s diet expands - it includes more and more vegetables and fruits, with fiber included in their composition.

And the baby himself becomes more active, begins to walk, and moves more. The normal bowel movement at this age is 6 times a week or more. Therefore, if a child goes to the potty less often, you should definitely seek clarification from a doctor. And only if possible pathological conditions in the child’s body are excluded, resort to an enema

Starting from the age of two, the child’s diet expands - it includes more and more vegetables and fruits, with their fiber content. And the baby himself becomes more active, begins to walk, and moves more. The normal bowel movement at this age is 6 times a week or more. Therefore, if a child goes to the potty less often, you should definitely seek clarification from a doctor. And only if possible pathological conditions in the child’s body are excluded, resort to an enema.

Nutrient enema

This procedure refers to artificial feeding of the patient. It is necessary in cases where it is difficult to introduce nutrients into the body through the oral cavity. But this type of enema can only be considered as an additional method of feeding. Typically, it is used to inject a 5% glucose solution mixed with sodium chloride.

The nutritional type of enema has the following indications:

• dehydration;
• temporary inability to feed through the oral cavity.

The procedure must be carried out in a hospital setting. Before it is performed, the patient thoroughly cleanses the intestines using an Esmarch mug. After the stool, along with waste and toxins, has been removed, the nurse will begin preparing for the process of introducing nutrients.

The composition of the solution is selected by the doctor in each specific case; at his discretion, a few drops of opium can be added to it. The volume of the liquid is approximately 1 liter, and its temperature is 40° C.

The algorithm for performing this type of enema includes the following steps:

1. The rubber balloon is filled with solution, its tip is lubricated with Vaseline.
2. The patient lies down on the couch and turns on his left side, after which he bends his knees.
3. The nurse spreads his buttocks and carefully inserts the tip of the balloon into the anus.
4. After this, she begins to slowly press on the product and continues to do this until the entire solution enters the rectum.
5. Upon completion of the procedure, the tip of the balloon is carefully removed from the anus. The patient needs to remain in a supine position for about 1 hour.

The main difficulty that you may encounter is the occurrence of a strong urge to defecate. To get rid of it, you need to take deep breaths through your nose.

When is an enema better than medication?

A person faced with a delicate problem will look for a solution, which is better - an enema or a laxative. The answer is not clear in all situations. There are categories of patients for whom it is preferable not to use medications for a number of reasons.

Elderly people over 75 years of age

At this age, metabolic processes in the body are significantly slowed down. The reaction to taking medications can be unpredictable. Higher risk of side effects. To avoid unnecessary stress for the body of an elderly person, it is better to resort to a laxative enema.

People prone to allergic reactions

It is not recommended to take risks and try some new drug if you are prone to allergies. For such people, it is preferable to use a cool salt enema to cleanse the intestines. The effectiveness of stool obstruction is high, but the absorption of the solution in the intestine is minimized due to the low temperature.

The person is already taking a large number of medications and does not want to add new ones.

If you have problems with stool in such a situation, it is advisable to periodically do an enema for a comfortable cleansing of the intestines. This is important both for general health and for the full effect of the medications taken: slagging of the intestinal lumen can significantly reduce the degree of absorption of drugs

Siphon enema

This procedure is considered complex, and therefore it is prohibited to carry out at home. It can only be performed in a clinic with a nurse and doctor present.

This type of enema is considered the most traumatic from both a physiological and psychological point of view, so it is performed by specialists who have extensive experience in this field and are able to create trusting contact with patients. In addition, a procedure performed independently at home can result in dysbacteriosis, regular constipation, and failure of intestinal motor function.

A siphon enema provides the maximum degree of cleansing, but even in medical institutions it is rarely performed. It is considered “heavy artillery” and is prescribed exclusively for health reasons:

• severe poisoning;
• intestinal obstruction;
• preparation for emergency surgical intervention of an unconscious patient;
• intussusception.

The method is based on the law of communicating vessels. In this case, they are a special funnel and the patient’s intestines. The interaction between them is achieved by changing the location of the container with rinsing water relative to the human body. Thanks to this, the liquid cleanses the intestines and leaves it immediately.

The procedure requires a large volume of boiled water (10-12 l), cooled to 38° C. Occasionally it is replaced with saline solution. No drugs are added to the water, with the exception of cases when it is necessary to introduce a substance that neutralizes poison in case of severe poisoning.

In addition to the action, the technique of administering them differs for all types of enemas. Siphon is considered the most difficult.

Algorithm of actions of a medical worker:

1. A cleansing enema is performed first.
2. The funnel is connected to a rubber tube, which is lubricated with a thick layer of Vaseline.
3. After this, its end is inserted into the rectum to a depth of 20 to 40 cm. If difficulties arise at this stage, the nurse inserts the index finger into the anus, guiding the tube correctly.
4. The funnel is filled with wash water and installed at a height of about 1 m.
5. After the liquid in it runs out, it falls below the patient’s body. At this moment, water containing feces and harmful compounds begins to flow back into the funnel from the intestines. Then they are poured out and clean liquid is reintroduced into the intestines. The procedure is carried out until the rinsing waters become clear, indicating complete cleansing.

If non-disposable devices were used, they are thoroughly disinfected.

What are the benefits of an enema to cleanse the body?

The purpose of the enema is to quickly empty the large intestine. The procedure provokes perilstatics, as a result of which the stool softens when interacting with the warm injected liquid and leaves the body naturally. Enemas are indicated in some cases:

• with spasms of the bile ducts and ureter. They cause obstruction of stool through the intestines;
• a sedentary lifestyle, which contributes to frequent constipation;
• changes in food and drink in the diet that cause constipation;
• acute infectious diseases;
• enlarged neighboring organs, putting pressure on the intestines and preventing the passage of feces;
• pregnancy;
• before the upcoming birth;
• dropsy of the peritoneum;
• preparation before surgery;
• to medical research needed to identify various diseases.

The benefit of an enema for cleansing the intestines is to quickly remove processed food from the body, reduce the absorption of toxic bacteria into the bloodstream, and reduce the risk of intestinal intoxication due to the process of putrefaction of various substances. The lower part of the large intestine gets rid of accumulated fecal stones. A person gets rid of the feeling of heaviness, bloating, and cramps.

You can do colon cleansing with an enema yourself. The result of an enema improves if you add chamomile infusion to clean water. If an enema is used for diarrhea, then an antidiarrheal agent will act as an additive. The body will get rid of pathogenic microflora, which helps improve complexion and general condition of a person. In addition to its cleansing functions, an enema is useful when a person is sick with the flu, colds, or pneumonia. It is an indispensable remedy for encephalitis. An enema in case of poisoning is the first priority action when providing first aid to a patient.

After an enema to cleanse the intestines of toxins, the process of absorption of nutrients from food accelerates. To satisfy the feeling of hunger, a person will need less food. The processes of the digestive system are activated and sleep improves. The immune system is strengthened, which directly depends on the normal functioning of the intestines.

How often to clean with an enema at home

Frequent use of the colon cleansing method by enema is prohibited. This applies to those who are in the process of losing weight, but do not want to change their lifestyle and the food they eat. In this case, the person will not receive weight loss. And on top of that, it will cause impaired digestion and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

To avoid negative health consequences, it is recommended to give an enema once every two weeks. For individual indications, it is allowed to do two procedures in a row on one day. To avoid the need for frequent enema, you should adhere to a dietary diet (soups, fruits, vegetables, fermented milk products, whole grain cereals, low-fat fish and meat). The diet will not burden the intestines, and the process of slagging will occur more slowly.

The frequency of the procedure should be determined by the doctor. There are cases when a person is allowed to have an enema once a week, and for whom it is completely contraindicated. Recent cases include:

• low blood pressure;
• hemorrhoids (acute stage);
• headache;
• bleeding of internal organs;
• menstruation;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of a chronic nature;
• pregnancy period (according to indications).

It is necessary to monitor the temperature of the infused liquid. She shouldn't be cold. This promotes the passage of feces in an undissolved form. Hot water will burn the intestinal walls. Warm water eliminates intestinal spasms and has a beneficial effect on the process of cleansing the intestines. And also treats additives carefully. Such as salt, lemon juice, baking soda, glycerin. For example, an enema with salt and soda provokes rapid excretion of feces from the intestines. However, if the intestinal mucosa is damaged, negative consequences for a person can occur. Lemon juice increases acid levels in the intestines. Healthy microflora is destroyed. It will cause harm.

Oil enema

It is a first aid remedy for constipation, the occurrence of which is caused by malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system. They are accompanied by severe pain and bloating, and feces come out in small hard lumps.

Other indications are:

• inflammatory processes in the rectum;
• postpartum and postoperative period (if surgery was performed on the abdominal organs).

An oil enema can be performed at home. With its help, feces are softened and the intestinal walls are covered with a thin film. Due to this, emptying is less painful.

You can use any vegetable oil in a volume of about 100 ml, heated to 40° C. The result does not appear immediately - you need to wait several hours (about 10).

Performing an oil enema:

1. Prepare the liquid and fill the syringe with it.
2. Lubricate the gas outlet tube with Vaseline or baby cream.
3. Lie on your side and carefully insert it into the anus. Press down on the syringe, regulating the rate of oil flow into the intestines.
4. Remove it without squeezing it. Maintain the position for about 1 hour.

It is recommended to carry out the procedure before bedtime. After waking up in the morning, bowel movement should occur.

Will pills and IVs replace enemas?

Pharmacists offer many medications in the form of pills, solutions for drip or injection. But they cannot always replace an enema. There are several reasons for this.

If you are cleansing the body, you need to start with the intestines. Without this, liver cleansing will not give the desired effect, but will only worsen the situation. Toxins that will be excreted along with bile will linger in fecal accumulations and again penetrate through the intestinal walls into the blood.

The active substance of the therapeutic enema enters the intestines and acts directly on the problem area. While tablet drugs, as well as injections and droppers, have a systemic effect. And this can provoke an exacerbation of existing diseases.

A one-time enema designed to relieve feces during long-term constipation is preferable to laxative drops or tablets. It cleanses the intestines more gently and effectively, and the risk of side effects from the enema is minimal if you follow the rules of the procedure.

Hypertensive enema

This procedure is prescribed only by a doctor, but can also be performed at home.

Indications:

• constipation;
• swelling;
• presence of hemorrhoids;
• increased intracranial pressure.

The main advantage of a hypertensive enema is its gentle effect on the intestines.

The solution can be purchased at a pharmacy or prepared yourself. You will need:

• salt;
• glass container;
• stainless steel spoon.

It is necessary to prepare precisely such items, since sodium chloride can trigger the process of destruction of chemically unstable materials. You need to dissolve 3 tbsp. l. salt in 1 liter of boiled and cooled to 25 ° C water. You can also add magnesium sulfate, but only with the permission of the attending physician, since this substance irritates the intestinal mucosa.

Both types of enemas and their administration are different, and therefore special attention must be paid to the procedure algorithm so as not to cause harm to the body.

Procedure:

1. Prepare a solution and fill a 1 liter Esmarch mug with it.
2. Lubricate the tip generously with Vaseline or baby cream.
3. Lie on your side and, spreading your buttocks, insert it into the anus to a depth of about 10 cm.
4. Press lightly on the rubber balloon so that the solution flows slowly.
5. After completing the procedure, remain in a lying position for half an hour.

All equipment must be disinfected. If all actions are performed correctly, the patient will not be bothered by discomfort or pain.

Types of compositions

In addition to filling the container with plain water, there are various options with additives, depending on the desired purpose of the enema. Here are the most popular:

• Coffee enema. You need to take three tablespoons of ground coffee, add 700 milliliters of boiling water and cook in a water bath for 10-15 minutes. Then cool to a temperature of 30-35 degrees. Strain well to avoid the grounds getting into the intestines and proceed with the procedure. A coffee enema helps get rid of accumulated toxins and other harmful substances. Stimulates the functioning of internal organs. It helps well with liver diseases, but in this case it is better to consult with your doctor.
• Soda enema. Take 300 milliliters of boiled water, add one teaspoon of soda and put on low heat. Bring to 40 degrees, remove. Leave to infuse for several hours. Try to hold the injected liquid longer. Recommended course is up to 7 days. The benefits of such an enema are considerable: parasites are removed from the body, increased gas formation is eliminated, and weight is reduced.
• Beetroot enema. Beetroot juice should be diluted with boiled water in a 1:1 ratio. Introduce the composition into the intestines and allow it to be absorbed into its walls for up to 10 minutes. It has a strong laxative, so you need to plan it so that there is no need to leave the house, for example, on a weekend.
• Salt enema. To carry it out, you will need to dissolve a tablespoon of salt in a liter of boiled water. Relieves swelling. The alkaline balance is restored and intestinal function is accelerated.
• Herbal enemas. Brew the desired herb and let it brew. The infused volume should be about a liter. Herbs can be different: chamomile, celandine, sage, mint, yarrow. Used to restore intestinal microflora, release gases, and as a sedative.
• With manganese. For diarrhea it has cleansing properties. To prevent an enema with potassium permanganate from causing burns, you need to be careful with the solution. First, a concentrated composition is made, then diluted with water to a faint pink color.

Siphon enema to cleanse the intestines. It can only be carried out in a hospital under the supervision of doctors. The indication for a siphon enema is intestinal obstruction when laxative enemas and other alternative methods have failed. Its essence is to repeatedly fill and empty the intestines until clean water appears.

Enema for babies

In families with infants, sooner or later the topic of constipation comes up. And the young mother begins to worry: how to properly give an enema to the baby? Pharmacies sell special pears. Volume for a one-month-old baby 25 ml, up to six months 25-50 ml, from 6 months to a year 120 ml.

Emulsion enema

Most often, this procedure is used in cases where the patient is prohibited from straining the muscles in the abdominal area, which inevitably occurs during a difficult bowel movement.

Also, indications for performing an emulsion enema are:

• prolonged constipation if a course of taking laxatives was ineffective;
• inflammatory processes in the intestines that are chronic;
• hypertensive crisis (with this disease, general muscle tension in a person is undesirable).

In addition, an emulsion enema is more effective than a cleansing enema and can replace it.

The procedure is performed in a hospital setting, but it can also be done independently.

As a rule, the emulsion is prepared from the following components:

• decoction or infusion of chamomile (200 ml);
• beaten yolk (1 pc.);
• sodium bicarbonate (1 tsp);
• Vaseline oil or glycerin (2 tbsp.).

The preparation process can be simplified by mixing fish oil and water. The volume of each component should be half a tablespoon. Then this emulsion must be diluted in a glass of boiled and cooled to 38 ° C water. Preparing both options is not a complicated process and does not require special skills.

Sequence of actions when performing an emulsion enema:

1. Prepare the liquid and fill it into a syringe or Janet syringe.
2. Lubricate the tip of the product with Vaseline or baby cream.
3. Lie on your left side, bending your knees and pressing them to your stomach.
4. Having spread the buttocks, insert the tip into the anus to a depth of about 10 cm. To simplify this process, you can use a gas outlet tube by installing it on a syringe or Janet syringe.
5. Slowly squeezing the product until the entire volume of the emulsion enters the rectum. Remove it without squeezing it.
6. Remain at rest for about 30 minutes.

Upon completion of the procedure, all used instruments must be thoroughly disinfected.

Related:

Manual, instructions for use
Instructions, instructions for use

Average cost of enemas for home use

You can buy suitable enema supplies at a pharmacy or pharmacy store. When ordering online, a lower price is promised, but you must not forget about paying for delivery. The cost depends on the manufacturer, quality, size. For example, the Esmarch Mug comes in three types:

• No. 1 per 1000 ml - 220 rubles;
• No. 2 for 1500 ml - 255 rubles;
• No. 3 for 2 l - 250 rub.

Tips are sold separately for 15 rubles. You have to buy them more often because boiling destroys the material. The length of the hose must be indicated on the product.

A sterile disposable mug costs 195-220 rubles, with two tips - 350-520 rubles.

The table shows the prices for syringes.

You can buy a rubber combined heating pad for 2 liters for 275 rubles, for 3 liters - 295.