ACUTE DIARRHEA HOW TO STOP IT?

Diarrhea (diarrhea) is a functional disorder of the intestines, which is accompanied by increased peristalsis, passage (movement) of food masses, as a result of which liquid, nutrients and salts do not have time to be fully absorbed into the blood. Read the article about how to help your intestines.

Author of the article

Krivoguz Igor Mikhailovich

Master of Medicine, family doctor, Sumy

Articles written

12

This condition is manifested by frequent and liquid stools. To improve the functioning of the intestines, it is necessary to reduce the load on it as much as possible and ensure that the body is replenished with salts and water, for which a special diet is used for diarrhea.

What is diarrhea, symptoms and possible causes

Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools or a frequent need to have bowel movements. It usually lasts several days and often goes away without treatment.

Diarrhea can be acute or chronic.

Acute diarrhea

occurs when the condition lasts one to two days. You may have diarrhea as a result of a viral or bacterial infection. In other cases, it could be due to food poisoning.

There is a condition known as traveler's diarrhea, which occurs when you get diarrhea after being exposed to bacteria or parasites while on vacation in a developing country. Acute diarrhea is quite common.

Chronic diarrhea

is diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks. This is usually the result of an intestinal disease or disorder such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease.

What causes diarrhea?

You may experience diarrhea as a result of a number of conditions or circumstances. Possible causes of diarrhea:

• food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance;
• food allergies;
• adverse reaction to medication;
• viral infection;
• bacterial infection;
• intestinal disease;
• parasitic infection;
• surgery on the gallbladder or stomach.

Rotavirus

- A common cause of childhood diarrhea. Bacterial infections such as salmonella or E. coli are also common.

Chronic diarrhea may be a symptom of a more serious condition, such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease. Frequent and severe diarrhea may be a sign of an intestinal disease or functional bowel disorder.

What are the symptoms of diarrhea?

You can experience just one of them or any combination of them. Symptoms depend on the cause. One or more of the following symptoms often occur:

• nausea;
• abdominal pain;
• spasms;
• bloating;
• dehydration;
• fever;
• bloody stool;
• frequent urge to have bowel movements.

How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed?

Your doctor will perform a physical examination and review your medical history when determining the cause of your diarrhea. The specialist may also order laboratory tests to examine urine and blood samples.

Additional tests your doctor may order to determine the cause of diarrhea and other related conditions may include:

• allergen tests to determine whether the cause is a food intolerance or allergy;
• stool culture to check for bacteria, parasites, or signs of disease;
• colonoscopy to check for signs of bowel disease;
• sigmoidoscopy to check the rectum and lower colon for signs of bowel disease.

A colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy is especially useful in determining whether you have an intestinal disease if you have severe or chronic diarrhea.

Causes and consequences of diarrhea

The main mechanism for the development of diarrhea is a violation of the absorption of water, mineral salts and nutrients from the intestinal lumen into the blood. There are several main causes of diarrhea, which include:

• Intestinal infections (pathogenic E. coli, salmonella, enteroviruses, shigella) - enters the intestines with food, colonizes its mucous membrane and causes inflammation in it. The intestine reacts to this by increasing peristalsis (specific movements of the walls that push food masses into the lower sections of the intestine), the reverse transition of fluid and salts from the tissues into the intestinal lumen.
• Food poisoning – diarrhea is caused by bacterial toxins that enter the body along with poor quality food. Especially often, such toxins accumulate in confectionery products containing cream.
• Functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract - develops as a result of disruption of the innervation of the intestine by the autonomic nervous system (occurs with prolonged stress) or irregular nutrition, with the predominant consumption of refined high-calorie foods.
• Eating foods high in mineral salts, which, according to the law of osmosis, cause fluid to pass from the blood and body tissues back to the intestines.

Impaired absorption of salts and fluids from the intestines leads to the development of dehydration (dehydration) of the body. This condition is fraught with the development of a number of consequences:

• Disorders of the cardiovascular system and arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat).
• Functional disorders of the central nervous system.
• Kidney failure due to decreased blood volume.
• Deterioration of blood flow in tissues with a decrease in their nutrition (trophism).
• Development of seizures.

Dehydration during diarrhea and its consequences develop especially quickly in children, the elderly and weakened people. Regardless of the cause, the main pathogenetic measure (impact on the main mechanism of development of diarrhea) is a special diet for diarrhea. Its goal is to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process in the intestines and restore the water-salt balance in the body.

The danger of diarrhea when a person needs medical attention

Although in many cases diarrhea can be treated at home with over-the-counter remedies, rest, and a temporarily restricted diet, if it lasts long enough, you should consult your doctor. Contact a specialist if

:

1. your diarrhea lasts more than two days without improvement;
2. you become dehydrated.

Dehydration and diarrhea

Diarrhea can cause you to lose fluid quickly and put you at risk of dehydration. If you don't get treatment for diarrhea, it can have very serious consequences.

Symptoms of dehydration include

:

• fatigue;
• dry mucous membranes;
• increased heart rate;
• headache;
• frivolity;
• increased thirst;
• decreased urination;
• dry mouth.

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If you are dehydrated or have other symptoms, you may need to go to the emergency room to receive immediate treatment.

Other symptoms to look out for include black or bloody stools, severe abdominal pain, or fever (39°C) or higher.

Diarrhea

- a serious disease for young children. This can cause severe dehydration in an infant in just one day.

Get treatment right away if any of the following conditions apply to your child:

1. Diarrhea for 24 hours or more.
2. Temperature 39°C or higher.
3. Bloody stool.
4. Stool containing pus.
5. The stool is black and tarry.

These are all symptoms that indicate an emergency.

When should you see a doctor for diarrhea?

If diarrhea develops, you should consult a doctor in the following cases:

• Lack of effect from diet and self-treatment for 3 days.
• Loose stools more than 10 times a day in a child under one year old, in weakened or elderly people - there is a risk of developing severe dehydration with consequences.
• Significant intoxication of the body with general weakness and an increase in body temperature up to 39º C, which lasts 2 days or more.
• Intense vomiting, which makes it impossible to ingest medications and food.
• Changes in stool such as darkening (bleeding), mucus, or streaks of blood.
• The appearance of acute abdominal pain (indicates the possible development of appendicitis).
• The development of symptoms of dehydration - wrinkled skin, decreased amount of urine output, kidney odor from the mouth, impaired consciousness, convulsions.

Basics of proper nutrition for diarrhea

Whether your diarrhea is episodic and caused by allergies/food poisoning or a chronic condition such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease, diet and diarrhea go hand in hand.

Even if you have chronic diseases that affect your digestive system, the diet you eat can greatly affect your digestive system.

When you experience a bout of diarrhea, there are certain foods you can eat to help your digestive system return to normal.

Foods to eat if you have diarrhea

When you have diarrhea, the foods you eat and the foods you avoid can make all the difference in helping you recover faster. This is where BRAT products come in handy.

BRAT stands for Bananas, Rice, Apples, Toast. These products are gentle, so they do not aggravate the digestive system, while strengthening it.

The BRAT diet consists of bland, low-fiber foods and is often recommended for treating stomach problems, digestive illnesses, and diarrhea.

Study

: Bland Diet

Pediatricians have historically prescribed the BRAT diet to infants suffering from diarrhea.

Study

: Diarrhea

Sticking to them after you get rid of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea will help you feel better faster.

You also need to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated and replace lost fluids. Drink plenty of water and suck on ice cubes. Other liquids you can try include

:

• clear broths, such as chicken or beef, with the fat removed;
• water with increased electrolytes or coconut water with vitamins or electrolytes (try to avoid those with high sugar content);
• weak tea without caffeine.

How to Follow the BRAT Diet

There are limited evidence-based recommendations on how to exactly follow the BRAT diet, but recommendations for a three-day plan do exist.

During the first 6 hours

After illness, you may refuse to eat at all.

1. Give your stomach a rest and wait until the vomiting and diarrhea stop completely.
2. While you wait to eat, try sucking on ice cubes and drinking water. This will help replenish water and electrolytes lost due to illness.
3. Try reintroducing clear liquids, such as water, apple juice, vegetable broth, or chicken broth, into your diet within the first 24 hours of illness.

If symptoms return, stop drinking clear liquids and wait a couple of hours before trying again.

On the second day

start following the BRAT diet. This diet is limited and not very nutritious, so you won't want to stay on it any longer than necessary.

On the third day

After illness, you can begin to gradually reintroduce normal foods into your diet if you feel so.

Start with foods such as eggs, cooked fruits and vegetables, and white meats such as chicken or turkey.

It is important to monitor your body's signals. If you eat too much variety too quickly, your symptoms may return.

Foods to avoid if you have diarrhea

When you experience or are recovering from diarrhea, you should avoid eating large amounts of foods. These foods can trigger your digestive system and worsen or prolong diarrhea:

• milk and dairy products (including milk-based protein drinks);
• fried, fatty foods;
• spicy food;
• processed foods, especially those with additives;
• pork and veal;
• sardines;
• raw vegetables;
• rhubarb;
• onion;
• corn;
• all citrus fruits;
• other fruits such as pineapples, cherries, berries with seeds, figs, currants and grapes;
• alcohol;
• coffee, soda and other caffeinated or carbonated drinks;
• artificial sweeteners, including sorbitol.

Menu (Power Mode)

It is necessary to organize 6 meals a day, preferably alternating protein dishes (beef, chicken, fish, turkey, cottage cheese) and cereals. Eggs can also be included in the diet daily. Below is an example menu that can be changed according to your capabilities and desires, observing the basic principles of heat treatment and the set of permitted products.

First day

Unloading (hungry).

Second day

The third day

Fourth day

Pros and cons of diet for diarrhea

Although there are no clinical trials of the BRAT diet, some research exists on how foods included in the BRAT diet affect diarrhea.

Bananas, for example, contain a certain starch called pectin, which is beneficial for the digestive tract.

Study

: Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review

Bananas also contain potassium, which helps in the absorption of water and electrolytes.

A 2021 systematic review found that green banana pulp may help reduce both diarrhea and constipation in children.

Study

: Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review

A 2021 study found that rice soup is very effective in treating acute diarrhea in children.

Study

: The Effect of G-ORS Along With Rice Soup in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

While these results are promising, they cannot determine whether a diet consisting only of soft foods is effective and safe in treating stomach problems.

The restrictions of the BRAT diet may do more harm than good.

In one outdated study, researchers found that 2 weeks of the BRAT diet could lead to severe malnutrition along with other medical problems in children.

Admittedly, this case was extreme and the study is not current.

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But no follow-up studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of the BRAT diet.

Today recommends feeding children a balanced diet as soon as they recover, and breastfeeding infants or giving them complete formula.

For adults and children, the BRAT diet is probably better than no foods at all.

More modern research is needed to determine whether the BRAT diet is a beneficial solution for people with stomach problems.

The goal is to return to a normal diet as soon as possible, even if diarrhea persists, to avoid malnutrition.

Table of permitted and prohibited products

General rules

The most common symptom of intestinal diseases is diarrhea - frequent (more than 3 times) bowel movements with liquid or pasty stools. With diarrhea, the water content in stool increases to 85%. This symptom is observed in acute intestinal infections, celiac disease , irritable bowel syndrome , ulcerative colitis , Crohn's disease , gastroenteritis , chronic colitis , and intestinal cancer.
Acute diarrhea is observed with intestinal infections, and its duration is no more than 2-3 weeks. All other diseases are chronic with periods of exacerbations and remissions. For all intestinal diseases that occur with diarrhea, Table No. 4 . The purpose of its administration in this condition is to reduce inflammation, fermentation and putrefactive processes and normalize digestion.

A diet for intestinal and stomach disorders significantly limits all possible intestinal irritants: mechanical, chemical and thermal. Products that simulate the secretion of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, pancreas, liver) and enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction are excluded. Dishes are boiled or steamed, served in liquid or pureed form.

Very hot and cold foods are excluded. There are no restrictions on salt (8-10 g), drinking regime is 1.5-2 liters when lazy. Food intake is organized up to 5-6 times a day, in fractional portions and only warm. Due to the reduction of fats (up to 70 g) and carbohydrates (250 g), the diet has a reduced energy value (2000 kcal). At the same time, the normal protein content (90 g) is maintained.

Nutrition for indigestion (intestines) has a number of features:

• six meals a day, the basis of which is mashed, pureed, mushy dishes, slimy soups, which eliminates mechanical irritation of the intestines;
• the inclusion of foods that weaken motor skills: tannin- (blueberries, bird cherry, tea, Cahors, cocoa in water), viscous substances (mucoid soups, jelly, pureed porridges) and warm dishes. Also acceptable are indifferent dishes from lean meats and poultry, boiled lean fish, stale wheat bread, crackers, freshly prepared cottage cheese;
• boiled and steam methods of preparing all dishes;
• Cold food, which increases intestinal motility, is prohibited. Temperature of dishes 20-40°C (warm);
• exclusion of products that enhance fermentation and putrefactive processes, also rich in essential oils (radishes, turnips, radishes, spinach, sorrel, garlic, onions, mushrooms).

Nutrition for diarrhea

Pregnant

Diarrhea often occurs during pregnancy. However, just because you have diarrhea does not necessarily mean it is directly related to your pregnancy.

Causes other than pregnancy include

:

• virus;
• bacteria;
• stomach flu;
• intestinal parasites;
• food poisoning;
• medications.

Causes of diarrhea associated with pregnancy include

:

1. Diet changes

   . Many women radically change their diet when they find out they are pregnant. This sudden shift in food intake can upset your stomach and potentially cause diarrhea.

2. New food sensitivities

   . Food sensitivities may be one of the many changes you experience during pregnancy. Foods that never bothered you before pregnancy can now cause gas, upset stomach, and diarrhea.

3. Prenatal vitamins

   . Taking prenatal vitamins is good for both your health and the health of your growing baby. However, these vitamins can cause stomach upset and diarrhea.

4. Hormonal changes

   . Hormones can slow down the digestive system, so constipation may occur. Hormones can also speed up your digestive system, which can cause diarrhea.

Diarrhea is more common in the third trimester.

As your due date approaches, you may find that diarrhea becomes more common.

Some women won't even experience frequent diarrhea in the third trimester, although others will. Each person's experience will be different.

In fact, in most cases, diarrhea goes away without treatment.

Contact your doctor if diarrhea does not go away after two to three days. Your doctor will perform a physical examination and may draw blood to determine the cause of your diarrhea.

Certain food groups can make diarrhea worse. Avoid fatty foods, fried foods, spicy foods, milk and dairy products, and high fiber foods.

Do not take over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications without consulting your doctor. These medications may make certain conditions worse. Plus, they are not safe for anyone.

Children

If your baby eats solids, giving him pieces of food can help relieve diarrhea. These include:

• crackers;
• porridge;
• pasta;
• bananas.

Avoid the following foods that may make diarrhea worse:

:

• cow's milk, except dairy products in their mixture (in any case, you should avoid cow's milk until your baby is 1 year old);
• apple juice and other fruit juices (should be avoided anyway until your child is 2 years old);
• fried food;
• spicy food.

Adults and elderly

When creating a diet for diarrhea, it is important to formulate the diet so that the foods consumed

:

1. They included a sufficient amount of useful substances and did not create a load on the inflamed organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Contained a lot of potassium, calcium and iron.

In this case, the total calorie content of the menu should not exceed 1800-2000 kcal.

The diet should be aimed at eliminating fermentation processes. This will speed up the restoration of intestinal function and stabilization of stool. You should not eat foods that stimulate gas formation.

It is important to consume plenty of water and herbal infusions. This will help remove toxins and normalize the condition.

And also adhere to a gentle regime, excluding foods high in acids.

When preparing food, you should avoid using hot spices, salt and other substances that irritate the intestinal walls.

Elderly people suffering from diarrhea are recommended to eat porridge cooked in water without adding butter. Rice and buckwheat are especially useful.

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Heat-treated vegetables must be present in the diet.

Important sources of fiber are carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, and potatoes.

It is recommended to consume lean meats, including: veal; rabbit meat; turkeys; Chicken. When preparing dishes, the meat is cleaned of skin, cartilage and tendons.

In addition, you can heat-treated non-acidic berries and fruits in the form of sauces, mousses, jelly and purees.

Features of nutrition for diarrhea in a child

The diet for diarrhea in children has certain features associated with the more rapid development of dehydration and the functioning of the digestive system. At the same time, it is very important not only what to feed the child with diarrhea, but also how many times. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the following features:

• Reducing the amount of food, increasing its intake up to 7 times a day.
• If the baby is breastfed, it is important not to give it up during diarrhea, since mother's milk provides all the ingredients into the body and provides a protective effect on the intestines.
• The diet for diarrhea in a child over 1.5 years old should contain a large amount of liquid (still mineral water, dried fruit compote), porridge should be boiled as much as possible, and vegetables should be chopped.
• As the severity of symptoms decreases, nutrition for diarrhea in children can be expanded by adding lean meat, fish, and low-fat cottage cheese.

A video lecture by Dr. Komarovsky about intestinal infections in children will be very helpful here:

Diet for chronic diarrhea

The main symptom of chronic diarrhea is loose or watery stools that persist for several weeks. This stool may or may not be accompanied by a feeling of urge. You may also have other symptoms:

• abdominal cramps;
• bloating;
• nausea.

Keep a food diary to determine if diet is a major factor in chronic diarrhea. Write down all your meals and snacks and note any worsening symptoms.

After a few weeks, you will be able to identify possible irritating foods. If so, eliminate these foods from your diet to see if your symptoms improve.

For example, diarrhea may stop or improve significantly after stopping gluten, artificial sweeteners, or dairy products. Or your condition may improve after you eliminate certain vegetables, fruits and beans from your diet.

Lifestyle changes that can help relieve chronic diarrhea include

:

• avoidance of caffeine and alcoholic beverages;
• low fiber foods;
• drink clear liquids to prevent dehydration;
• control food portions to avoid overeating.

Chronic diarrhea caused by an underlying disease cannot always be prevented.

But you can prevent chronic diarrhea due to infection by taking steps to keep your food and water clean:

1. Drink from clean water or filter your water.
2. Cook the meat thoroughly.
3. Wash your hands after preparing food and before eating.
4. Clean kitchen surfaces to prevent contamination.
5. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating them.
6. Wash your hands after using the toilet, changing a diaper, or helping someone who is sick.

Diet for diarrhea with vomiting

Diarrhea and vomiting

are common symptoms that affect people of all ages, from babies and toddlers to adults.

In most cases, these two symptoms are the result of a stomach bug or food poisoning and will subside within a few days.

In general, resting and drinking plenty of fluids is enough to avoid dehydration.

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Here are some ways to treat vomiting and diarrhea at home to stay hydrated.

:

1. Drink plenty of clear liquids such as water, broth
2. Follow the BRAT diet
3. Avoid fatty, spicy or fatty and sugary foods.
4. Avoid dairy products.
5. Avoid caffeine.
6. Wash your hands often with soap and water.

Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting may require treatment.

Take your child to the doctor if

:

• less than 12 months and showing signs of dehydration;
• diarrhea for more than seven days or vomiting for more than two days;
• under 3 months at a temperature of 38 ° C;
• 3 to 6 months at 39°C.

Take your child to the emergency room if

:

• there are signs of dehydration after taking oral rehydration solution;
• there is blood in the urine or stool;
• green or yellow vomit.

For adults. Contact your doctor if

:

1. Still dehydrated after rehydrating with fluids and an oral hydration solution.
2. You have bloody diarrhea or rectal bleeding.
3. Your vomit is yellow or green.
4. You have diarrhea that lasts more than seven days, or you have been vomiting for more than two days.

Reviews and results

This dietary food is used for intestinal dysfunction, including in children. Judging by patient reviews, therapeutic nutrition has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract: pain, bloating, and stool frequency decrease. A few days are enough to restore normal intestinal function.

• “... Everyone knows a decoction of rice for diarrhea, astringent and anti-inflammatory herbs. All this is used when a disorder appears. This is how I fed the child when he had diarrhea after eating a cake. True, the disorder was not severe, there was no vomiting, three days of diet was enough, a decoction of pomegranate peels and rose hips was given, and then the child began to eat everything”;
• “... During pregnancy, disorders often occurred in the first half. Everything quickly returned to normal when I excluded sweets and vegetables for a week, steamed myself, and did not allow anything fatty or spicy. Dried blueberries also came to the rescue - my grandmother prepared them just in case. I made compotes from it with the addition of dried pears, boiled it simply and even chewed a few berries 3-4 times a day. It helped."

How to eat during antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is quite common. It is estimated that between 5 and 25 percent of adults will experience diarrhea while taking antibiotics.

This occurs when antibiotics upset the natural balance of bacteria in the intestines. This can irritate your digestive system and increase your risk of illness from certain types of harmful bacteria, such as C. diff.

All types of antibiotics can cause diarrhea. However, certain types of antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, may cause it more frequently.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is defined as loose, watery stools three or more times a day while taking antibiotics.

This may begin about a week after starting antibiotics. In addition, diarrhea may develop a few weeks after finishing treatment.

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If you have a C. diff infection, you may experience additional symptoms, such as:

• stomach pain or cramps;
• low-grade fever;
• decreased appetite;
• nausea.

If you are experiencing diarrhea due to taking antibiotics, changing your diet may help relieve symptoms. Some common suggestions include

:

1. Eating low fiber foods. Although high-fiber foods are recommended when you are healthy, eating them when you have diarrhea may make your condition worse.
2. Potassium replacement. This nutrient can be lost due to diarrhea, but eating foods containing potassium can help replenish it.
3. Replenishment of lost fluids and salts. Diarrhea can cause fluid and electrolytes to be lost more quickly, so it is important to replenish them.

Based on these tips, try the following foods and drinks for diarrhea:

:

• liquids, including water, broths, or decaffeinated tea;
• fruits such as bananas, applesauce, or small amounts of canned fruit without syrup;
• grains such as white rice, white bread and noodles;
• peeled potatoes (good source of potassium), boiled or baked;
• protein sources such as poultry, lean meats and fish.

Some foods may worsen your symptoms or interfere with antibiotic treatment. These include

:

• alcoholic drinks;
• caffeinated drinks such as coffee, soda and tea;
• dairy products can cause digestive problems when taking antibiotics and may affect the absorption of antibiotics;
• fatty foods such as fatty meats, baked goods, potato chips, french fries and other fried foods;
• foods or drinks high in added sugar, such as carbonated drinks, fruit juices, cakes and cookies;
• High-fiber foods such as whole grains, legumes and most fruits and vegetables;
• spicy foods, which can further irritate the digestive tract.

Also, try not to eat grapefruit or take calcium supplements. They can affect how well antibiotics are absorbed by your body and may make the medicine less effective.

Here are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

1. Try probiotics

   . Probiotics can help return beneficial bacteria to your digestive system.

2. Maintain good hygiene

   . Washing your hands frequently, especially after using the restroom, can help prevent the spread of C. diff bacteria.

3. Follow the instructions

   . Some antibiotics may be recommended to be taken with food.

Take antibiotics only when necessary.

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Although antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, they are not effective against viral infections such as colds and flu. Overuse of antibiotics can negatively impact your digestive health and cause other problems.

If you have previously had diarrhea while taking antibiotics, tell your doctor. He can choose an antibiotic that is less likely to cause this problem.

Fully or partially limited products

Products containing fiber are excluded: vegetables (you can add decoctions to soup), bran, rye and bran bread, whole grain bread, with the addition of seeds and cereals.

Fresh bread, pastries, and flour products cause fermentation and rotting in the intestines. For the same reason, jam, dried fruits, honey, and sweets are not allowed. Sugar in limited quantities (50 g per day is added to all dishes).

Porridges made from coarse cereals (millet, barley, pearl barley), legumes are poorly digestible foods and must be excluded. Rich fatty broths are prohibited, as they enhance peristalsis, fatty meats, fish, and canned food.

Whole milk, cream, sour cream and cheese can to some extent cause diarrhea. Milk in diluted form can only be used for making puddings.

Kvass, cocoa and coffee with milk, carbonated drinks increase peristalsis and bloating, and are therefore unacceptable. You cannot eat sauces, marinades, or smoked foods.

Table of prohibited products

Top 10 anti-diarrhea foods

1. Chamomile

   Historically, chamomile has been used for a variety of intestinal disorders, including gas, indigestion, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

   An animal study found that chamomile extracts relieved diarrhea in mice by reducing intestinal spasms and reducing the amount of water passed into stool, but more research is needed to see if this applies to humans.

   Study

   : Antidiarrhoeal, antisecretory and antispasmodic activities of Matricaria chamomilla are mediated predominantly through K(+)-channels activation

2. Peppermint

   For some people, indigestion is caused by irritable bowel syndrome (a chronic bowel disease that can cause stomach pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea).

   Although IBS can be difficult to manage, research shows that peppermint may help reduce these unpleasant symptoms.

   Taking Peppermint Oil Capsules daily for at least two weeks can significantly reduce stomach pain, gas, and diarrhea in adults with IBS.

   Study

   : Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   Peppermint is safe for most people, but caution is advised for those with severe reflux, hiatal hernia, kidney stones, or liver and gallbladder disease, as it may worsen these conditions.

3. Green bananas

   In fact, one study found that adding boiled green bananas was nearly four times more effective at relieving diarrhea than a rice-based diet.

   The strong anti-diarrheal effect of green bananas is due to the fact that they contain a special type of fiber known as resistant starch.

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   Resistant starch cannot be digested by humans, so it passes through the digestive tract all the way to the colon, the last part of the intestines.

   Once in the colon, it is slowly fermented by intestinal bacteria to form short-chain fatty acids, which stimulate the intestines to absorb more water and strengthen the stool.

4. Pectin

   Pectin

   is a type of plant fiber found in large quantities in apples and citrus fruits. It is often isolated from these fruits and sold as its own food product or supplement.

   Pectin is not digested by humans, so it remains in the intestinal tract, where it is very effective at strengthening stool and preventing diarrhea.

   In fact, one study found that 82% of sick children taking daily pectin supplements recovered from diarrhea within 4 days, compared to only 23% of children who did not take pectin supplements.

   Study

   : Clinical studies in persistent diarrhea: dietary management with green banana or pectin in Bangladeshi children

   Pectin also relieves indigestion by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract.

5. Low FODMAP Foods

   FODMAP

   is an abbreviation for the concept “fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols”, which means “fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols”. In other words, these are carbohydrates that are poorly digested and cause fermentation processes in the intestines.

   When undigested FODMAPs enter the colon, they are quickly fermented by gut bacteria, creating excessive gas and bloating. They also attract water, which causes diarrhea.

   A review of 10 randomized controlled trials found that a low FODMAP diet improved these symptoms in 50–80% of people with IBS.

   Study

   : The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS

   While not all people with digestive issues have trouble digesting FODMAPs, working with a specialist can help you determine if any of them are causing problems.

6. Foods rich in probiotics and prebiotics

   Feeding your gut good bacteria with probiotics can help you feel better quickly.

   For diarrhea, Lactobacillus GG and Saccharomycesboulardii strains are recommended. A 2015 study found that both strains could help shorten the duration of illness by 1 day.

   Study

   : Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of Diarrhea

   You can buy probiotics in capsule or liquid forms.

   Probiotics are also found in fermented foods such as yogurt and kombucha.

   In addition to fermented milk products, which are not suitable for everyone: miso, natto, tempeh, sauerkraut, kimchi and kombucha.

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   But more research is needed to determine how they affect gut health.

7. Light carbohydrates such as rice, oatmeal

   Although this recommendation is general, there is little evidence that they actually help relieve symptoms.

   However, many people report that it is easier to consume these foods when you are not feeling well.

8. Liquids with electrolytes

   When an upset stomach is accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea, it is easy to become dehydrated.

   Water, fruit juice, coconut water, and broths are great ways to restore fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances associated with mild dehydration.

   If dehydration is severe, a rehydration drink containing the ideal ratio of water, sugar and electrolytes may be required.

9. Chicken bouillon

   Everyone knows about the ability of broth to restore strength during illness and large loss of fluid - with fever and indigestion. It is quickly absorbed and removes toxins.

10. Prebiotic-rich fiber

    may also be beneficial as prebiotics help feed gut bacteria

    These fibers can be found in:

    chicory root
11. legumes
12. berries
13. bananas
14. oats

Herbs and spices such as ginger, chamomile, mint and licorice have natural calming properties, while fruits such as green bananas improve digestion.

Avoiding foods high in FODMAPs helps some people relieve gas, bloating and diarrhea, while foods with probiotics can help regulate bowel movements.

When an upset stomach is accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea, be sure to hydrate and replace electrolytes.

The diet must contain the required amount of dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and other substances.

The menu is designed so that the food does not irritate the intestines, but envelops it.

Menu for diarrhea

Below is a menu recommended for people suffering from diarrhea, designed for 3 days.

First day

Breakfast

: slimy rice porridge with raisins - 150 g, steamed protein omelet from 2 eggs, compote - 1 tbsp.

Lunch

: crackers - 50 g, herbal tea

Dinner

: chicken broth soup with meatballs - 150 ml, buckwheat porridge - 100 g, steamed turkey cutlet - 1 pc., jelly - 1 tbsp.

Afternoon snack

: dried fruit compote - 1 tbsp, cheesecakes - 2-3 pcs.

Dinner

: rice porridge - 100 g, steamed fish - 50 g, vegetable stew - 100 g, herbal tea - 1 tbsp.

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Second day

Breakfast

: pumpkin porridge with rice - 150 g, chicken cutlets - 2 pcs., compote - 1 tbsp.

Lunch

: oatmeal with pieces of fruit and raisins - 150 ml, tea - 1 tbsp. Lunch: lean fish soup - 150 ml, mashed potatoes - 100 g, baked chicken breast - 50 g, jelly - 1 tbsp.

Afternoon snack

: baked apples - 2 pcs., crackers - 50 g, rice water - 1 tbsp.

Dinner

: buckwheat porridge - 150 g, baked fish - 50 g, vegetable stew - 50 g, compote - 1 tbsp.

The third day

Breakfast

: meatballs from minced chicken and rice - 2-3 pcs., dried bread - 2 slices, jelly - 1 tbsp.

Lunch

: muesli - 150 g, herbal tea - 1 tbsp.

Dinner

: vegetable soup with noodles - 150 ml, carrot puree - 50 g, boiled rabbit meat - 50 g, compote - 1 tbsp.

Afternoon snack

: boiled pear puree - 150 g, tea - 1 tbsp.

Dinner

: pasta - 100 g, boiled fish - 50 g, baked zucchini - 50 g, jelly - 1 tbsp.

Although stomach upset may occur from time to time, eating these foods and following a diet can help you feel better and get on the road to recovery.

Authorized Products

The basis of the diet for diarrhea is pureed porridge from semolina, rice (white), buckwheat and oatmeal, which are prepared in water or broth (low-fat). Butter is added in the amount of 5 g per serving, up to 50 g per day. It is allowed to eat wheat bread, but dried bread or crackers. You can consume 200 g of not very fried crackers and some inconvenient dry biscuits per day.

Soups are also prepared in low-fat fish or meat broth, adding permitted cereals, a minimum of vegetables, pureed meat, egg flakes, quenelles, and meatballs.

Meat products allowed: lean beef, chicken and turkey meat, veal, rabbit. The meat is additionally degreased, and the tendons and skin are removed from the poultry. The meat is served in the form of boiled minced meat, steamed cutlets or meatballs. Cutlets and meatballs can be stewed in a saucepan with water. When preparing cutlets, add boiled rice (instead of bread) or semolina to the minced meat. You can also make pate from boiled meat.

Low-fat varieties of fish are also prepared chopped (in the form of quenelles, cutlets, meatballs). They are also boiled by steaming or in water. From eggs, which are allowed in the amount of 1-2 per day, steam omelet, they are cooked soft-boiled or added to soups.

It is possible to use cottage cheese, but it must be unleavened (non-acidic) and mashed; it can be used to make steamed soufflés and casseroles. Vegetables are eaten only as a supplement, pureed, in soups and in very small quantities.

Astringent products are allowed: berry jelly from blueberries, rowan, sloe, dogwood, quince, bird cherry, persimmon, pear and fruit drinks from them, as well as pureed raw apples or applesauce. If well tolerated, you can drink fresh juices diluted (1:1 with water) (only from non-acidic berries). The exception is grape, apricot and plum juice, which enhance intestinal motility and have a laxative effect.

Herbal teas, rosehip decoction, infusion of bird cherry, dried dogwood, blueberries, tea (strong green and black), still water are allowed.

Table of permitted products